ILLUSTRATION: TROUW
NUTRITION ▶▶▶
Early feeding, feed quality and safety in AMR management
Broiler gut health requires early, easy access to safe, high-quality feed and water. Quality control measures are vital to minimise the risk of pathogens, endotoxins and mycotoxins and anti- nutritional factors in the feed. Early feeding, feed quality, physical structure and safety are all important to reduce the need for antibiotics.
BY BARBARA BRUTSAERT, SWAMY HALADI AND ADRIANO PEREZ BONILLA, TROUW NUTRITION
A
vian skeletal muscle fiber is complete at hatch and grows rapidly thereafter. The first week may be the most important for muscle and intestinal develop- ment, especially in strains selected for rapid
growth, high feed intake and high meat yields. Satellite cells – specialised myogenic precursor cells in skeletal muscle – are integral to muscle growth. Chicks subjected to 48 hours of delayed feeding post-hatch showed lagging skeletal muscle fiber development and abnormal satellite cell activity com- pared to chicks fed immediately. Body weight and breast muscle weight were significantly depressed at 7 days when feeding was delayed and this observation persisted through 42 days. Broilers consuming sufficient amounts of high-quali- ty feed, like ChickCare, during the first days of life are pre- pared for high feed intake later in life while maintaining a healthy gut.
Gastrointestinal growth Between hatch and placement, chicks’ initial body weight may decline an average of 8%. It has been hypothesised that a shift towards gluconeogenesis occurs, mobilising and me- tabolising skeletal muscle protein for energy. This may be one reason why delayed feeding causes chicks to lose weight. Rapid gastrointestinal growth contributes to significantly higher chick body weights in the first few days of life. When feeding is delayed by 24-72 hours, chicks’ gastrointestinal growth is stunted and the intestinal tract morphology is al- tered by decreasing villi surface area in the small intestine. This effect is likely due to unbalanced cell turnover arising from excessive cell death and decreased cell renewal. Re- searchers have reported that gastrointestinal associated lym- phoid tissue (GALT), especially in the hindgut, may be more susceptible to infectious pathogens during the first two weeks when chick feeding is delayed. Consequently, gastroin- testinal development is interrupted, leading to microbiota imbalances and reducing lifetime performance.
Comparison between a non-functional and functional stomach (Rodgers et al. 2005). 20
▶ POULTRY WORLD | No. 8, 2020
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