Masked mycotoxins Last year there more attention was paid to masked myco- toxins. As a result of a defence mechanism in the host plants, a conjugation of sugar to the mycotoxin takes place and some mycotoxins are masked. For example a glucose molecule attached to a mycotoxin. This is why these myco- toxins are often overlooked in regular mycotoxin tests. When an animal ingests feed containing masked mycotox- ins, the sugar molecule is cleaved in the gut and the myco- toxin is released. Martina Bellasio, senior mycotoxin expert at Romer Labs: “Surprisingly, novel plant species that are se- lected to be resistant to mycotoxin producing fungi often accumulate a higher percentage of mask mycotoxins compared to non-resistant species.”
Emerging mycotoxins Besides masked mycotoxins, the effects of co-contamination remains an important research topic alongside new emerging
mycotoxins. According to a Biomin analysis, there are several emerging mycotoxins that need to be monitored: • Palutin: genotoxic, immunotoxic and compromises gut health
• Beauvericin and enniatins: adverse effects on immune system; accumulation in fat-rich tissue
• Fusaric acid: negative effects on the nervous system of pigs • Ergot alkaloids: causes fat necrosis, lameness and repro- ductive problems
• Moniliformin: genotoxic and immunosuppressive; causes damage to the heart.
In the analysis, enniatin was mainly found in straw and fin- ished feed, and 97% of the samples contained either en- niatin A1 or B. Moniliformin was found in maize and fin- ished feed. A total of 92% of the maize samples and 88% of the finished feed samples were contaminated with moniliformin.
▶ POULTRY WORLD | No. 3, 2020 33
Global map of mycotoxin prev- alence and risk per region.
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