EU. Dr Gonçalves argues that to determine mycotoxin regula- tory limits, more research is needed on the effects of myco- toxins in aquaculture species and the carry-over effect to food should not be underestimated.


Real-time testing Testing of mycotoxins is also important. The lack of a stand- ardized or validated sampling procedure seems to be a chal- lenge and sampling protocols need to be standardised. Also, instead of testing large numbers of end-products for myco- toxin contamination, it would be more pro-active to test in real time at field level, according to Ronald Niemeijer, M.Sc., R-Biopharm AG, Germany. “The use of mobile devices will open up new ways of mycotoxin testing, analysing and shar- ing of data. Data can be available from everywhere in real time, which will help to create more precise predictive models. An easy-to-use, mobile tool will be essential.”


Five takeaways During the last day of the World Mycotoxin Forum Prof Rudolf Krska of BOKU University, Austria and Prof Chris Elliott of


Queen’s University, Northern Ireland, both chairs of the conference, summarised the conference in a top five of takeaways: 1. Asia remains at high risk of aflatoxin contamination with changing contamination levels, including increased Fumonisin and ZEA contamination and considerable co-contamination.


2. Inter and intra-region research network collaboration and capacity building in the ASEAN region is needed to increase awareness of mycotoxins and to mitigate harmful effects.


3. Monitoring mycotoxin contamination of crops, foods & beverages and human biomonitoring using mycotoxin biomarkers are important for exposure assessment in ASEAN countries.


4. Minimising mycotoxin contamination is not only about technology; behavioural changes & sustained efforts are needed on a daily basis.


5. Implementation of multi-mycotoxin monitoring pro- grammes with product traceability across the supply chain is essential.


▶ POULTRY WORLD | No. 1, 2020 31


Presentations were held on the challenge of my- cotoxins in feed in Asia.


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