NUTRITION ▶▶▶


Consumer preferences Dr Mack and others also believe that consumer acceptance of the use of PAPs in European livestock production may play a role in how much will be used. However, Van den Brink says, “On a local level, with dedicated production lines and favour- able market conditions (in particular, general acceptance), there may well be feed companies that are able to absorb these resources.” Still, in his view there is “limited scope” for widespread use of porcine and poultry PAPs in poultry and pig feed. He says, “FEFAC would be cautious in considering any significant im- pacts of the recent re-approval of porcine and poultry PAPs on imported soybeans.” There is also another consumer issue at play. For various reasons, consumers in many countries are attracted to buy- ing poultry meat from birds fed only plant-based feed. Dr Janet Remus, senior technical director at Danisco US, notes that pork, beef or poultry meals (or blends of these) have been used successfully for many years in the US to feed poultry. However, she adds, “In recent years, the move to ‘no antibiotics ever’ and ‘raised without antibiotics’ programmes in broiler chicken has also moved more feed tonnage to all-vegetable-based feeding programmes.”


Poultry meal as produced by Darling Ingredi- ents. In the EU this will be al- lowed for use in swine feed.


the association of the European compound feed and premix industry [FEFAC], and executive director at EFFPA, which represents former foodstuff processors for livestock feed) notes firstly that the nutritional value of non-ruminant PAP is undisputed. “However, for significant impacts on reduced need for soy- bean imports, there are still some key challenges related to practical uptake of non-ruminant PAP, but also availability,” he says. “We should not forget that the porcine and poultry PAPs… were already being partly absorbed by other, higher value markets such as pet food and fish feed.” Van den Brink notes that approximately 0.5 million tonnes of PAP will now be available for use in pig and poultry feed. He cautions, “You can read a figure of 2.9 million tonnes, but this figure includes any kind of PAPs (mixed PAPs and ruminant PAP).” On that note, Van den Brink points out that the reintroduc- tion of ruminant PAP into livestock feed of every type has not even been discussed within the European Commission at this point. He believes that makes it highly unlikely that they will become available for livestock feed production within the next ten years. He bases this view partly on the fact that the current lifting of the feed ban on using non-ru- minant processing by-products for non-ruminants took 11 years to become reality (it was first established as a target in the EU Commission TSE Roadmap II in 2010).


32 ▶ PIG PROGRESS | Volume 37, No. 10, 2021


Other factors There are other factors such as quality and digestibility, con- sistency and availability of by-products that will affect how they are used. Dr Remus points out that while all types (poultry, pork or beef) of by-products are available, pork or beef can see more use in livestock feed, whereas poultry meal has found increasing use in the pet food sector. She adds, “For swine, high-quality pet food grade poultry meal can be used in nursery feeds.” Dr Remus says that soybean meal, the key protein used in swine and poultry diets, can be short on supply and there- fore higher in price. “Then animal by-product meals will price into feeds at higher levels,” she adds. Looking forward, Dr David Meeker notes that the functionali- ty, economics, nutritional value and advantages of feeding rendered products to both swine and poultry have been very well established by research worldwide. Dr Meeker is the senior vice president of scientific services at the North Amer- ican Renderers Association (NARA) and director of research at the US-based Fats and Proteins Research Foundation (FPRF). He notes that FPRF has put emphasis over the last 15 years into other areas of research (such as aquaculture, pet food, validation of thermal processes, new markets, etc.). However, he says, “The use of rendered products in animal diets re- mains one of our top priorities. The global tight supplies of animal feed ingredients ensure continued demand for ren- dered products, and FPRF will continue to support these markets with targeted research.”


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