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Efficiently im- plementing low protein piglet diets is key while keeping perfor- mance optimal.


Figure 2 - Meta-analyses of piglet responses (ADG and ADFI) to dietary level of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu) and histidine (His).


in a fixed ratio to lysine, the primary limiting amino acid. Nevertheless, this robust model does not account for the vari- ous contexts of application of the new step of observed die- tary protein reduction. The response to each amino acid has to be better accounted for at the time of application. Figure 2 pre- sents meta-analysis studies of piglet responses to isoleucine, leucine and histidine as examples, confirming the increasing need for agile amino acid nutrition. This meta-analysis study highlights that: • piglet daily gain and feed intake respond to leucine, isoleucine and histidine;


• response for growth (ADG) is stronger than response for feed intake (ADFI), independent of amino acid;


• growth response to isoleucine is mainly driven by feed intake; this is less applicable to leucine, indicating that leucine also plays a role on feed efficiency regulation,


• piglet response depends on the amino acid under consid- eration and the optimisation criteria.


Amino acid interactions and functions Dietary amino acids are subject to interaction; their response can vary depending on the level of deficiency or excess of oth- er amino acids. For example, the branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine and leucine) share the same catabolic path- way under the control of leucine. Leucine excess has been shown to increase the catabolism of the three branched-chain amino acids, reducing their availability for protein synthesis, leading to impaired feed intake and less growth. To avoid this negative effect, it is necessary to insure minimum isoleucine and valine dietary levels. Piglets are able to detect an imbalanced amino acid supply and will react with lower feed intake. For instance, in 2018, in an experiment led by Dr Alfons Jansman, Wageningen University & Research, the Neth- erlands, piglets fed valine deficient diets with an excess of other indispensable amino acids had a 9% reduced feed intake. Besides their role as building blocks of proteins, amino acids


105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60


70 75 80


Response to Leu (ADFI) Response to Leu (ADG)


85 90 95 Percentage of the requirement (%)


Response to Ile (ADFI) Response to Ile (ADG)


Source: Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe, 2019.


are involved in many other functions: e.g. gene expression, cell signalling, gut integrity, cell proliferation, immunity modula- tion, feed intake control, and energy homeostasis. Many stud- ies have investigated the direct or indirect roles of amino acids on piglet gut health. Each amino acid targets different param- eters related to gut health, so potential synergies may appear. Taken together, these data highlight the possibility to imple- ment tailored feeding practices in piglets by achieving feed optimisation with different amino acid levels. This depends on the specific context (nutritional values, feedstuffs, etc.) and the technical-economic objectives.


Efficient implementation In conclusion, efficiently implementing low protein piglet di- ets is key, while keeping performance optimal. For this rea- son, Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition Europe developed AJI-CS, an amino acid-based customised solution approach. The solution allows characterising feedstuffs, formulating digesti- ble amino acids, using a net energy system, and implement- ing an agile amino acid decision-making process adapted to specific contexts and production objectives.


References available on request. ▶PIG PROGRESS | Volume 35, No. 10, 2019 11


Response to His (ADFI) Response to His (ADG)


100 105 110


Percentage of piglet response (%)


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