NUTRITION ▶▶▶


Figure 2 - Nutrient analysis for the differentiation of carbohydrates. Weender analysis Crude ash


Crude protein Crude fat


Crude protein


Crude fat Starch


Sugar


Nitrogen free extracts


Organic residues Hemicellulose Crude fibre


Cellulose Lignin


ADL


Structural carbohydrates The physical and chemical properties of the structural carbo- hydrates are important for a healthy bowel function – i.e. the avoidance of any constipation. In addition to their fermentabil- ity, they bind water in the intestinal lumen and thus facilitate faecal excretion. What’s more, when the components are spe- cifically selected, they also possess mechanical properties that are important for intestinal motility and thus the passage rate. A minimum content of ADF that is less fermentable also plays a role here. Any avoidance of constipation is also important for


Table 2 – Recommendations on nutrient contents in feeding phases for highly prolific sows.


Parameter NE, MJ/kg EV, MJ/kg


Crude protein, % Crude fibre, % NDF, g/kg ADF, g/kg


Lysine, g/kg


SID lysine, g/kg SID M+C, g/kg


SID methionine, g/kg SID threonine, g/kg SID tryptophan, g/kg


Calcium, g/kg


Phosphorus, g/kg Sodium, g/kg DCAB, meq/kg


Gestation feed 8.9


1.01


13.5-15 7-9.5 >230 <160


6.5-8.0 4.3 3.6 2.0 3.2 1.2


6.0-6.5 4.5-5.5 2.5-3


Lactation feed 9.4


1.07


16-18 4.5-6 >180 <120


9.5-11.0 8.3 4.7 2.4 5.0 1.5


7.5-8.5 5-6


2-2.5 gestation feed NE: Net energy; EV: Energy value (relative to barley); SID: standardised ileal digestible References available on request. 8 ▶PIG PROGRESS | Volume 35, No. 10, 2019


Flushing feed 9.3


1.06


14-16 5-7


>180 <120


7.0-8.5 6.5 3.9 2.1 4.0 1.2


6.5-7.5 4.5-5.5 2-2.5


+20-50 compared to -20-50 compared to +20-50 compared lactation feed


to lactation feed


Weender/Van Soest Crude ash


the health of breeding sows. That is because blockages signifi- cantly increase the risk of endotoxin flooding (lipopolysaccha- rides – cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria). These can lead to inflammatory processes in the metabolism and are often jointly responsible for milk deficiency symptoms as part of the MMA complex. Their concentration can also increase in sow milk and they can thus be absorbed by the suckling pig- lets. That can result in a lack of vitality, reduced growth perfor- mance and increased suckling piglet losses.


Sources of NDF and ADF Sources of NDF and ADF are components such as wheat bran, sugar beet pulp, soybean husk, sunflower husk, sunflower meal, rapeseed meal and palm expeller. Pressure hydrother- mal processing of such components can further enhance the positive properties of these components in breeding sow feeding. In piglet feeding in particular, the use of such solubi- lised components rich in structural carbohydrates – especially special products with solubilised soybean hulls – is an impor- tant success factor in a healthy weaner as well as a rearing diet and thus a very important component in significantly reducing the use of antibiotics for diarrhoea treatment. In order to implement such feeding concepts for high-yielding breeding sows with high milk production capacity in a techni- cally correct and economically interesting way, the energy evaluation of feed raw materials and feed mixtures, which is still done in several countries such as Germany and Austria on the basis of metabolizable energy, needs to be renewed. An evaluation based on net energy, as it is done in the Neth- erlands, for example, assesses the energy supply from fer- mentation in the large intestine much more appropriately and is therefore not only the right evaluation model for breeding sow feeding. Also, when feeding weaning and rear- ing piglets there is the possibility to optimally combine growth performance with intestinal stability – i.e. you can avoid dysbiosis as well as diarrhoea. The nutrient contents that are ideal target values in gestation, lactation and flushing feed are shown in Table 2.


What still needs to be recorded? Current breeding sow lines have a high genetic potential. Well over 30 piglets born alive per sow per year is increasingly the rule today. Today the question is how piglets can be reared on sows in the best possible way and with low losses. That requires new feed and feeding concepts that take more than just the quantity of nutrients required into account. The special features of the digestive tract and its various compart- ments must be understood and used to advantage. Optimal use of fermentation in the large intestine of breeding sows is a key success factor if milk yield and milk quality are to be optimised to supply large litters.


NDF ADF


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