Fish diets are changing and often contain vegetable fat and protein sources.


Lysolecithins help sea bass grow better


Lysolecithins have proven to be a cost effective solution to improve fat emulsification, fat digestion and nutrient absorption in broilers and piglets. It has also been shown to be very beneficial for sea bass.


BY ELLEN DAMEN AND OLGA DANSEN, FRAMELCO, THE NETHERLANDS N 20


ative lecithin is obtained during degumming of crude oil from oilseeds and oil fruits with water and is a complex mixture of phospholipids, some oil, glycolipids and carbohydrates. Lecithins are


naturally occurring and are for instance a major component of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Native lecithins are ap- plied in animal feed because they are a relatively cheap source of energy and act as emulsifiers for fats. Lysophospho- lipids (also named lysolecithins) are derived from phospholip- ids by the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (Figure 1). The obtained lysolecithins have a more hydrophilic character compared to native lecithins, which results in a better oil-in- water emulsification and smaller fat droplets. Lysolecithins promote the formation of small and highly hydrophilic mixed


▶ ALL ABOUT FEED | Volume 25, No. 10, 2017


micelles, improving nutrient transport through the unstirred water layer surrounding the intestinal villi. Hydrolysed soy lec- ithin has good levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) which are both impor- tant components of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes of the epithelium cells. Dietary LPC and LPE can interfere with the phospholipid bilayer of animal cells, increasing their fluidity and permeability and thus facilitating nutrient and fat ab- sorption. Hence, lysolecithins in the diet will help to obtain better animal performance.


Application of (lyso)lecithins in sea bass Many fish larvae receive phospholipids in their natural diets, whether from yolk sac lipids prior to first feeding or from nat- ural prey. In the early 1980s it was already shown that when live feeds were replaced by micro diets, dietary phospholipids were essential for normal development and survival. Howev- er, due to the growth of the aquaculture industry, the demand for the major aqua feed ingredients; fish meal and fish oil, continues to increase. Therefore, the industry started to use alternative fat and protein sources, like those originating from plants. Vegetable fat and protein sources have disadvantages,


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