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TECHNICAL TERMS


and spread itself evenly over the surface, so eliminating applicator or brush marks.


LIQUID WAX A combination of wax and solvent, liquid at room temperature.


LOOP PILE A tufted or woven carpet pile (either level, textured or patterned) where the face yarns consist of uncut loops.


MATT A smooth, but dull, surface.


METAL FIBRE FLOOR PADS These pads are circular and are supplied in a wide range of sizes to fit most makes of floor maintenance machines. They are generally manufactured in three grades – coarse, medium and fine.


MOISTURE CONTENT The amount moisture or humidity that is absorbed into the flooring.


MOISTURE METER A meter used to check the amount of moisture present in wood. This is done to ensure the flooring is not too wet or dry, hence preventing extreme expansion or contraction.


MULTI-STRIPPING Blades attached to a specialist machine cut, scrape and lift materials e.g. vinyl, carpet, ceramics, adhesives and levelling compounds.


NYLON WEB PADS The pads are circular and come in many different sizes to fit most floor maintenance machines. They are generally manufactured in three grades – coarse for wax stripping, medium for scrubbing and fine for buffing.


OLEO-RESINOUS A blend of oil with a resin. The oleo-resinous type is one of the oldest established seals and consists of an oil processed with a resin and combined with solvent and driers. It dries by the action of oxygen in the


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atmosphere causing the oil and resin to harden – accelerated by the use of driers.


ONE-POT (ONE-PACK OR ONE-CAN) Refers to material packed in a single container and in a ready- for-use condition.


OPACITY Non-transparency. Generally refers to the hiding power of pigmented seal, paint or polish.


PENETRATING SEAL A seal which will penetrate into the surface on which it is applied. Oleo-resinous seals are penetrating seals, in contrast to some plastic seals which are surface seals and do not penetrate to any great extent.


PHENOLIC RESIN A synthetic resin manufactured basically from phenol. Widely used in many surface coating materials, for example oleo- resinous seals.


PILE Also known as the face or nap, the pile is the visible exterior of a carpet, which consists of yarn tufts in loop and/or cut arrangement.


PLANING A planer’s rotating drum fitted with flails, removes materials in excess of 2mm, profiling, cleaning and reducing levels.


PLASTIC A material which will soften when heated. Plastic materials can either be thermoplastic or thermosetting. Thermo plastic materials can be heated and cooled repeatedly without detrimental effect. Thermosetting materials undergo chemical change when heated and cannot be reheated without causing damage.


PLASTIC SEALS (A) ONE-POT The description ‘one-pot plastic seal’ is commonly given to those seals which do not contain a drying oil and dry by


either evaporation of solvent or by a chemical reaction which is activated by evaporation of solvent.


(B) TWO-POT The description ‘two-pot plastic seal’ is commonly given to those seals which require the blending together of two components prior to use.


POLISHING In a staged process, coarse to fine diamond discs/shoes are attached to a grinder, shining all hard surfaces.


POLYMER A very large, complex molecule formed by the reaction together of a great number of small molecules of the same type. Examples are polystyrene and polyacrylate, materials often used in water-based waxes.


POLYSTYRENE RESIN A compound formed by the polymerisation of a resin, styrene. In emulsion waxes polystyrene imparts excellent gloss, hardness and levelling.


POLYURETHANE A polymer formed as the result of a chemical reaction between two types of chemical compounds, namely an isocyanate and a form of polyester. Among many other applications, polyurethanes are used in floor seals and paints. For these purposes they are normally supplied in three different forms.


(A) TWO-POT The base component is the polyester, and the accelerator or hardener, the isocyanate. The isocyanate is extremely sensitive to water and moisture vapour in the atmosphere and must be protected from them during storage. Once the base and accelerator are mixed, a chemical reaction is started which only stops when the material has solidified.


(B) ONE-POT OIL- MODIFIED In these materials the


urethane has already been produced and is further combined with an oil or varnish. They are often referred to as ‘urethane oils’. Drying takes place by oxidation of the oil or varnish component.


(C) ONE-POT MOISTURE-CURED These materials consist of urethane, already produced, but with an excess of isocyanate present. Once applied the excess isocyanate attracts water vapour from the atmosphere and hardens the material. The rate of drying will, therefore, depend largely on the humidity, but in this climate there is sufficient moisture in the atmosphere to effect a complete hardening of the film.


POT-LIFE This term refers to two-pot materials and is the period during which the material is usable once the base and accelerator components have been blended together. After this period, the material will have thickened to such an extent that it cannot be easily applied.


PRIMING COAT A priming coat is the first coat applied on previously untreated surfaces. It provides a foundation on which the durability of the finished system largely depends. For example, on wood surfaces the primer is required to be absorbed into the surface in order to obtain a ‘key’ for subsequent coats. On cement, plaster and concrete the primer is formulated so that it will resist chemical attack by the alkaline ingredients of the surface on which it is applied.


PVC (POLYVINYL CHLORIDE) FLOOR COVERINGS For many years the main floorcoverings in this category were flexible PVC and PVC


Tomorrow’s Contract Floors Yearbook 2020/21


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