SPECIALIST EQUIPMENT
comes from the copper industry in Australia. Tis is a very large industry and producer of several types of metals and sulphuric acid. When producing high- grade copper, they process the material in converters to remove sulphur, where it is heated and oxygenated. Te converter off- gas is totally “raw” and unfiltered. Te gas temperature is high, the concentration of dust is significant and the sulphur dioxide is at percent levels.
monitored SO2
Te operator is depending on the data to determine when
off-gas from four different converters. Te optical systems can monitor multiple locations, up to six, by multiplexing the fibre optic cable. Direct optical systems have applications
it is time to replace the matter in the converter. With the data from the UV- DOAS system, timing became so much easier and precise. One system monitors the SO2
in the
at several positions within the sulphuric acid plant. Tese provide good examples of applications that are generally applicable at any type of smelter or production industry. Te SO2
level input to the sulphuric
acid plant is an important measurement in order to get the concentration in the proper range for the converter process.
Here the UV-DOAS can monitor SO2 before and after dilution. Typical range is 0-30% per volume.
Direct optical monitoring system
LIQUID SO2 PRODUCTION Te pressure of this process stream is high. UV-DOAS does the SO2
measurement in from 0-1% Vol. and upwards. . It can also pick up SO3
TUNABLE LASER DIODE (TDL)
Te laser diode solution is the obvious pick for reactive gases such as HF, NH3
and HCl. Te TDL is quick and
versatile. It can deliver results every few seconds from multiple monitoring points. Additional parameter options include CO2
, H2 O and O2 .
APPLICATIONS One example of positive sensation when exchanging an extractive type of system with a direct optical method
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infrared, and will do a great job for measurements of HF, HCl, CO and CO2
process streams up to 1 bar (g). Measurements are made to track levels to indicate efficiencies in terms of converting SO2
to Oleum as well as levels after absorption stages as well as scrubbers. One system can make measurements of high range (0-20% Vol.), mid-range (0-1% Vol.) and low concentrations (0-20 ppm).
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING (CEM) SYSTEM Te optical system monitoring technology is the choice for stack monitoring at mining and sulphric acid plants. Requirements may include reporting SO2
components. Systems will integrate with flow and dust/opacity measurements. Te technology has accreditation from EU standards, and operates according to EPA protocols. Rugged design makes the system cope
, NOx, CO, CO2 , H2
with corrosive gases. In fact, these optical systems are exceptionally stable. A verification by TÜV in Germany included a two-year stability test of two optical UV-DOAS and IR-FTIR systems. TÜV concluded that the allowable calibration interval for this technology is one year. Tat is the longest interval awarded any type of gas monitoring system certified by TÜV. Tat is for the record. Local regulations still determine the frequency of calibration checks.
Carl J Kamme is with Opsis.
www.opsis.se
O and other
in ranges
Emitter and receiver installed on a duct
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