health concerns for workers and consumers. Studies have suggested they can cause liver, kidney, and other forms of cancer, promote central nervous system issues, and harm infants. PFAS are additionally concerning because they persist as contaminants in soil, air, and water – a function of their strong carbon-fluorine bond that makes them resistant to degradation.


“Fluorochemicals are forever chemicals, and you are hearing about them in the news all the time now,” says Jay Gandhi, Ph.D., vertical market manager for Metrohm USA. “These chemicals do not disintegrate. They’re manmade, thousands of chemicals with different names and different formulations. They end up in the environment and they are not going away.”


Gandhi explains that ASTM has already developed standards that aid in the identification of PFAS. In particular, he mentions the value of the method of a standard such as the test method for determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous matrices by co-solvation followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) (D8421), which can be used to test water from sites such as landfills, bus-washing stations, and paper mills.


According to Gandhi, WK68866 would work in tandem with this and other methods to identify a wider range of PFAS. Developed in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental


Protection Agency and using work performed in the EU, the method is currently undergoing a multi-lab validation study.


“This method allows you to look at the holistic approach of organic fluorine using the combustion technique and ion chromatography combined with looking at the fluoride contamination in the environment,” Gandhi says. “We are hoping to get about 98% to 99% of forever chemicals using this particular technique, which gives scientists and health professionals a better idea about remediation identification and other aspects regarding the environment.”


There has been rapid global progress in addressing the health impact of PFAS, particularly to respond to contamination in the environment and food. Several U.S. states and federal organizations have banned or begun phasing out PFAS-containing firefighting foams that can contaminate water, and a review is underway for a measure that would restrict their use across the EU.


Gandhi explains that as we better understand the extent of these substances in the environment, there will need to be strong consistency in the use of techniques to remediate PFAS contamination. Additionally, he says there is a need for further testing capacity, such as for PFAS in the air.


Even so, many people are hopeful that today’s efforts will provide a strong foundation for the future, as we work to better understand and be more responsive to the risks facing water around the globe ■


2023 ASTM INTERNATIONAL


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