Carmichael’s Concise Review
Common clay minerals lose their crystalline structure at temperatures higher than this and would not be birefringent. Firing probably took place in a kiln-like structure due to the slow rate of temperature increase that would have been required to drive water from the thick (up to 10 cm) walls of the statues without catastrophic failure, as well as the sustained high temperature needed to harden them throughout. This could not have been controlled in an open fire or by air-drying.
The uniformity of the specimens suggests that the raw materials were obtained from a single source. A dedicated department responsible for the supply of clay would lead to less variability in composition than if this was left to individual production units. Such centralization would also help ensure a constant supply of large quantities of raw material that would have been required to produce over 7,000 statues in less than 40 years. Additional evidence supports the theory that the clay was then distributed to various ceramic workshops.
Quinn et al. have answered many important questions about how the Terracotta Army was created. T ey also pointed out that this surely would have required a high degree of organization on many levels. T is characteristic may have laid the foundations for imperial China!
Reference [1] PS Quinn et al ., Antiquity 91 ( 2017 ) 966 – 79 .
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m 2018 January
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