54 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS


It relies totally on a waterproofing membrane to keep water out. Type A forms of waterproofing may be applied internally or to the outside of the structure or, in some cases, sandwiched between two skins of masonry or concrete. Type B are structures built with a


water-resistant shell, usually constructed out of reinforced concrete to an appropriate design code (which gives guidance in the grade of concrete to be used and spacing of the reinforcing steel). Special additives may also be used. Type C or ‘drained cavity’ systems rely on a drained cavity within the basement structure. There is a permanent reliance on the cavity to collect groundwater that enters through the fabric of the structure. The drainage system directs the water to a drain or sump, where it can be removed from the building by gravity or pumping.


Contingencies & contractors First and foremost, the construction teams applying, installing and building the underground space must be fully aware of the critical nature of what they are doing, the importance of accuracy, and the implications of any defects and errors.


Contingency planning for any localised defects must also be included as part of the overall water-resisting design for the structure. If feasible repair is not possible, then it may be required to look at what remedial measures may be available in respect to the risk posed by groundwater. It is, therefore, essential to engage contractors with the necessary expertise in this complex, highly skilled aspect of construction. The PCA can signpost architects to members with the


qualifications and experience to ensure their project is a success. The association oversees the industry-recognised qualification of Certificated Surveyor in Structural Waterproofing (CSSW), attained by professionals in the sector. The PCA also has a register of waterproofing design specialists who have signed-up to annual CPDs, and are able to provide standalone design services. Along with a geotechnical specialist, they make up the core components of a waterproofing design team.


James Berry is the technical manager of national trade body the Property Care Association (PCA)


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ADF JULY 2021


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