PREVENTING COAL CARGO FROM SELF-HEATING
London P&I Club has analysed the problems associated with the transportation of coal in bulk, such as self- heating and flammable gas (i.e. methane) release. Self-heating can lead to fires and the production of carbon monoxide (CO), whilst methane release can lead to an explosive atmosphere being generated in the hold.
Self-heating normally occurs in localised hot spots within a bulk cargo, and temperature measurements are unlikely to identify problems. However, when coal self-heats it produces CO, so measuring the concentration of CO is the most effective method to identify a self-heating cargo.
The atmosphere in each cargo hold should be monitored, at least on a daily basis, for CO, hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), oxygen (O2) and flammable gas (LEL-methane). If the holds are being ventilated, then ventilation should be stopped at least four hours prior to gas measurements being taken, advises Paul Willis, Senior Associate at Hawkins.
The atmosphere in each cargo hold should be monitored, at least on a daily basis, for CO, hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), oxygen (O2) and flammable gas (LEL-methane).
The IMSBC Code requires that the holds are ventilated for 24 hours after loading. However, unless expressly instructed to the contrary, coal cargoes should not be ventilated following this 24-hour period as unnecessary ventilation could promote the coal to begin to self-heat.
Once a self-heating reaction has started, further ventilation will provide oxygen which will exacerbate the self- heating and could lead to ignition of the cargo, Mr. Willis adds.
BAVARIA YACHTS IS RELYING ON 100 PERCENT MADE IN GIEBELSTADT FOR FUTURE SUCCESS
The future development of Bavaria is taking clear shape. The yacht builder will once again build its boats one hundred percent in Germany. Bearing the seal of quality “Made in Giebelstadt”, both sailing and motor yachts will be manufactured and handed over to customers in Franconia. The R55 motor yacht, previously produced in Croatia, will for the first time be hand-built at the company’s headquarters in the first half of 2019. The moulds and tools are currently being transported from Croatia to Germany.
“We want our outstandingly well trained and committed employees to develop and build all our yachts primarily under own management. The workforce identifies strongly with Bavaria Yachts; it is the key feature of our company,” explains Managing Director Erik Appel, who has been Chief Operating Officer of Bavaria Yachts since December 2017. “This is why we intend to further increase our permanent staff and simultaneously reduce the proportion of temporary workers. This will help considerably to bring down production costs. To increase the efficiency of the shipyard, we will concentrate on our own engineering, i.e. the technical development of yachts, at Bavaria Yachts once again.
The Report • December 2018 • Issue 86 | 7
Marine News
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