Southern Living First, we need to fi nd out where penguins live. T ey only live in the southern hemisphere. T at’s the half of Earth that’s south of the Equator. At least 16 kinds of penguins live


there. Some live on icy glaciers. Others hop along windy coasts. Still others nest in forests, on beaches, or on rocks. Each of these 16 species has adapted to its environment. To see how, let’s go far south into


Antarctica. Here, the wind howls. T ere is ice as far as the eye can see. Temperatures are below freezing. Even though it’s cold, fi ve penguin species live here.


Keeping Warm T e emperor penguin lives in this place. It’s the biggest of all penguin species. Extra fat, called blubber, helps keep it warm. Emperor penguins stay warm


other ways, too. T ey stand on their heels. T at way their bodies barely touch the ice. T ey also work together to keep


each other warm. Hundreds of emperors huddle together on land. T ey take turns standing around the outside of the group. T eir bodies block the cold wind. When they get too cold, they move into the center of the group to warm up.


Emperor penguin chicks huddle together to stay warm. 6 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER


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