Operation & Maintenance of Power Plants
the larger the condenser needs to be (and the more expensive it will be). Te steam pressure in air-cooled condensers is usually between 0.2 and 0.06 bar absolute at a temperature of between 36°C and 60°C. Some of the heat that is still present in the condensed steam can be used for other purposes.
Waste incineration For many waste incineration plants also have a water purification installation, in which bacteria play an essential role.
Tese bacteria survive at temperatures between 30°C and 40°C and break down certain substances in the water. If the temperature of the water becomes too high or too low, the bacteria die. It is important, therefore, to keep the water exactly at the right temperature.
Fig. 2. P&ID of existing plant with additional options for higher energy efficiency.
Influence the design Because in most locations it is no longer allowed to use surface water to condense steam, after it has passed through a turbine, nowadays steam is almost always condensed using air-cooled condensers. Te lower the pressure in this condenser, the higher the electrical efficiency of the system. But also the more cooling air is needed to achieve a lower pressure,
Te waste heat in the cooling air of the air-cooled condenser is very often exactly right for these types of applications. However in many cases the processes would employ the waste heat require a higher temperature than the temperature at which the steam comes out of the condenser. Tis problem can easily be solved by choosing to set the pressure after the turbine a little higher.
Although the electrical yield of the entire system then would decreases slightly, steam becomes available at a higher temperature, making a lot of waste heat
GASKETS TECHNICAL TEXTILES EXPANSION JOINTS INSULATION NEW MATERIALS
Frenzelit Werke GmbH
P.O.Box 11 40 95456 Bad Berneck Germany Phone: +49 9273 72-0 Fax: +49 9273 72-102
expansion-joints@frenzelit.de www.frenzelit.com
For more information ✔ at
www.engineerlive.com/ipe
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68