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412


LIGUSTRUM


screen or windbreak. Performs well in large pots.


Before planting this tree, carefully consider its disadvan- tages. Eventual fruit crop is immense; never plant where fruit will fall on cars, walks, or other paved areas (it stains). Fallen seeds (and those dropped by birds) sprout pro- fusely in groundcovers and will need pulling. Many people dis- like the fl owers’ odor, and fruit- ing clusters are bare and unattractive after fruit drop. L. ovalifolium. CALIFORNIA


L


PRIVET. Evergreen only in warm- est winter climates. Zones 3b– 24; H1, H2. Native to Japan. Dark green, oval, 21⁄2-in. leaves. Grows rapidly to 8–15 ft. tall, 6–10 ft. wide, but can be kept sheared as a 4-ft. hedge. For hedging, set plants 9–12 in. apart. Clip early and frequently to encourage low, dense branch- ing. Greedy roots. Well-fed, well-watered plants hold their foliage longest. Tolerates heat. ‘Aureum’, golden privet, has yellow-edged leaves; it is often sold as ‘Variegatum’. L. ‘Suwannee River’. Evergreen shrub. Zones 4–24. Reported to be a hybrid between L. japonicum ‘Rotundifolium’ and L. lucidum. Slow-growing, compact plant grows 3–4 ft. tall and wide. Leathery, somewhat twisted dark green leaves; no fruit. Use as low hedge, founda- tion planting, or in containers. L. ‘Vicaryi’. VICARY GOLDEN


PRIVET. Deciduous shrub. Zones 2–24. To 8–10 ft. tall and wide. Yellow leaves; color is most pro- nounced on plants in full sun. Best planted alone; color does not develop well under hedge shearing. L. vulgare. COMMON PRIVET. Deciduous shrub. Zones 2–24; H1. From northern Europe, the Mediterranean, and Asia Minor. To 15 ft. tall, 12 ft. wide. Dark green leaves are less glossy than those of L. ovalifolium, and root system is not as greedy. Clusters of black fruit are con- spicuous on unpruned or lightly pruned plants. ‘Lodense’ is a dense dwarf that reaches only 4 ft. tall and wide.


for other plants that attract birds and bees, see pages 95–99


and 104–105.


Lilium LILY


Liliaceae PERENNIALS FROM BULBS


ZZONES VARY BY SPECIES OR TYPE


FP ROOTS COOL, TOPS IN SUN OR FILTERED LIGHT


O REGULAR WATER, EXCEPT AS NOTED ATTRACT BUTTERFLIES


b


others have horizontal or droop- ing blooms. Stems are strong and erect, and range in height from short (11⁄2 ft.) to moderate (41⁄2 ft.). Flowers (mostly singles, but a few doubles as well) come in virtually every color but blue, many with dark spots or con- trasting bands of color. Some noteworthy examples include ‘Fata Morgana’ (double yellow), ‘Graffi ty’ (greenish yellow petals with maroon speckles coalesc- ing into a deep maroon center), ‘Landini’ (plum black), ‘Orange Cocotte’ (clear orange, upward facing, pollen free), and ‘Red Velvet’ (dark red, pendant fl owers).


Oriental lily ‘Casablanca’


The most stately and varied of bulbous plants, these range in height from 1 to 9 ft., and have large, colorful, often fragrant fl owers that are equally effec- tive on the plant or in the vase. Most are easy to grow in the ground or in containers. Lilies range wild across Asia, Europe, and North America, and many of these species make excel- lent garden subjects. But most gardeners grow hybrid lilies opti- mized for fragrance, color, habit, and garden performance. Both species and hybrids are reward- ing landscape subjects. Although the offi cial classifi - cation of lilies lists eight divi- sions of hybrids and a ninth division of species, the following describes only the lilies easily available to Western gardeners. Advances in breeding continue to produce new lilies faster than books can list them. Consult specialists’ catalogs to learn about these wonders.


Asiatic hybrids. Zones A1– A3; 1–9, 14–24. Derived primar- ily from Chinese species. These are easy to grow and the most reliable for the average garden, so breeders produce them by the score. They are also the fi rst to bloom (early summer). Flowers are usually unscented. Some of the hybrids have upward-facing fl owers, while


Aurelian hybrids (trumpet lily hybrids). Zones 3–9, 14–24. Derived from Asiatic species such as L. henryi and L. regale (but not L. auratum or L. speciosum). Midsummer bloomers with trumpet- or bowl- shaped fl owers are usually scented. Blossoms range from white and cream through yellow and pink, many with green, brown, or purple shading on their outer surfaces. Plants are typically 3–6 ft. tall; each stem carries 6 to 15 fl owers. Exam- ples include the Golden Splendor strain, deep gold with maroon striping on petal backs; the Pink Perfection strain; and ‘White Henryi’, white with cinnamon speckles and a gold throat.


Martagon hybrids (Turk’s cap lilies). Zo nes A1–A3; 1– 9, 14–22. Most are bred from L. martagon, L. hansonii, and L. tsingtauense. The petals of


these fragrant early-summer fl owers curve back strongly (that’s the Turk’s cap look); col- ors are mostly in the wine red to orange to gold range. Blooms tend to be small but abundant. Plants do best in the fi ltered light of woodland settings but are slow to establish. Extremely virus-resistant. Best in cottage gardens and wild gardens. The classic hybrid in this series is ‘Mrs. R. O. Backhouse’, which grows 3–5 ft. tall, producing 11⁄2– 2-in., magenta-backed yellow fl owers in late spring or early summer. Look also for ‘Arabian Knight’ (mauve fl ecked with yellow-orange), ‘Claude Shride’ (mahogany red with gold-orange center), and ‘Sunny Morning’ (mahogany red with gold overlay).


Oriental hybrids. Zones 1–9, 14–22. The most exotic of the hybrids, bred primarily from Japanese species. Bloom mid- summer to early fall, with big (to 9 in.), fragrant fl owers of white or pink, often banded with gold or red on the center of each petal, and spotted with red. Most are 3–5 ft. tall, with fl ow- ers that face upward or outward (a few have nodding blooms). If you live where summer temper- atures routinely rise above 90°F (32°C), plant these in dappled afternoon shade. Examples are ‘Casablanca’, pure white; ‘Mona Lisa’, pink, intensifying toward the center, with darker pink center lines and freckles, 11⁄2–2 ft. tall; ‘Muscadet’, white with pink freckles and pink cen- ter lines; ‘Salmon Star’, pink fl ushed with salmon toward the


Lilies in Pots


Lilies are fi ne container plants. Place one bulb in a deep 8-in. pot or fi ve in a 16-in. pot. Plant at the same depth required for planting in the ground (see “How to Grow Lilies,” page 414). Place bulbs with roots spread and pointing downward, fi ll the con- tainer with soil, and gently hand-pack it until the soil surface is fi rm. Leave an inch of space between surface of soil and rim of pot for watering. Water thoroughly and place in a cool room, a garage, or a greenhouse that is heated (in colder climates) just enough to keep out frost. During root-forming period, water whenever the top 2 in. of soil dries out. Move pots to a partially shaded area during bloom- ing period if temperatures rise above 90°F (32°C).


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