THE MAGAZINE FOR THE DRAINAGE, WATER & WASTEWATER INDUSTRIES
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Trenchless technology encompasses various methods for installing and maintaining underground utilities such as water, sewer, gas, and telecommunications without extensive surface excavation. The two main categories of trenchless technology are low-tech and high-tech, each with its own techniques, equipment, and labour requirements.
Low-Tech Trenchless Technology
Low-tech trenchless methods have been used for decades and involve simpler techniques that typically require less complex equipment. Labour skills are usually manual with one or two specialist operators. Common low-tech trenchless technologies include:
1. Pipe Bursting: This method involves breaking up an existing pipe while simultaneously installing a new one in its place. It is typically used for replacing old sewer lines with new ones. The process requires a bursting head that fractures the old pipe and pushes it aside while pulling in a new pipe. Two pits are dug at each end and the bursting head winched through.
2. Horizontal Boring: Horizontal boring is a technique that allows for the installation of utilities beneath obstacles such as roads or buildings without disturbing the surface. A drilling rig is used to bore a hole horizontally, and the utility is then pulled through the borehole.
3. Pneumatic Boring: This method uses air pressure to drive a small-diameter bore through the soil. It is often employed for light-duty applications, such as installing small-diameter pipes and conduits.
4. Auger Boring: Auger boring utilises a rotating helical screw (auger) to excavate soil and create a tunnel for the utility. This method is suitable for various soil conditions and can accommodate larger diameter installations.
5. FFRP: Fabric reinforced lining, where the fabric or pipe is winched into the host pipe.
The successful execution of low-tech trenchless methods requires specific labour skills, including:
1. Equipment Operation: Workers must be trained in the operation of basic trenchless equipment, such as horizontal boring machines and pipe bursting tools. Understanding the machinery’s functionality and maintenance is essential.
2. Site Assessment: Skilled labourers must be able to assess the worksite, identifying potential challenges such as soil conditions and existing utilities. This involves knowledge of surveying and site analysis.
3. Safety Protocols: Workers must be well-versed in safety regulations and practices to minimise risks
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Image credit: Tracto-Technik
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