• enhance the status and prevent further deterioration of aquatic ecosystems and associated wetlands that depend on the aquatic ecosystems
• promote the sustainable use of water • reduce pollution of water, especially by ‘priority’ and ‘priority hazardous’ substances • ensure progressive reduction of groundwater pollution.
The WFD requires a management plan for each river basin be developed every six years.
Groundwater Directive (GWD) The 1980 Groundwater Directive 80/68/EEC and the 2006 Groundwater Daughter Directive 2006/118/EC of the WFD are the main European legislation in place to protect groundwater. The 1980 Directive is due to be repealed in December 2013. The European legislation has been transposed into national legislation by regulations and directions to the Environment Agency.
Environmental Permitting Regulations (EPR)
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 provide a single regulatory framework that streamlines and integrates waste management licensing, pollution prevention and control, water discharge consenting, groundwater authorisations, and radioactive substances regulation. Schedule 22, paragraph 6 of EPR 2010 states: ‘the regulator must, in exercising its relevant functions, take all necessary measures - (a)
to prevent the input of any hazardous
substance to groundwater; and (b) to limit the input of non-hazardous pollutants to groundwater so as to ensure that such inputs do not cause pollution of groundwater.’
Water Resources Act (WRA)
The Water Resources Act 1991 (Amendment) (England and Wales) Regulations 2009 updated the Water Resources Act 1991, which introduced the offence of causing or knowingly permitting pollution of controlled waters. The Act provides the Environment Agency with powers to implement remediation necessary to protect controlled waters and recover all reasonable costs of doing so.
Priority Substances Directive (PSD)
The Priority Substances Directive 2008/105/EC is a ‘Daughter’ Directive of the WFD, which sets out a priority list of substances posing a threat to or via the aquatic environment. The PSD establishes environmental quality standards for priority substances, which have been set at concentrations that are safe for the aquatic environment and for human health. In addition, there is a further aim of reducing (or eliminating) pollution of surface water (rivers, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters) by pollutants on the list. The WFD requires that countries establish a list of
East Anglia Offshore Wind Limited
Preliminary Risk Assessment, East Anglia ONE Windfarm 41388-PRA(03)
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