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CULTIVATION TIPS DLV PLANT MUSHROOMS
EE gegevens 2012 NL (excl. andere paddenstoelen) Pluk
Mechanisch
gemiddelde bedrijfsgrootte 4.497 gemiddelde celgrootte productie
aantal teeltronden
productie per teeltronde lengte teeltschema elektraverbruik warmteverbruik elektraverbruik warmteverbruik elektraverbruik warmteverbruik EE elektraverbruik EE warmteverbruik EE totaal verbruik
376 276 8,7
31,7 6,0
102,8 29,6 11,8 3,4
0,372 0,107 3,35 3,39 6,75
13.561 m2 876 m2 354
10,5 33,8 5,0
kg/m2/jr. ronden/jr. kg/m2 weken
100,4 kW/m2/jr. 26,3 9,6 2,5
m3/m2/jr. kW/ronde m3/ronde
0,284 kW/kg 0,074 m3/kg 2,55 2,35 4,91
MJ/kg MJ/kg MJ/kg
By Jan Gielen, DLV Plant Mushrooms Manager / Specialist Climate & Energy
j.gielen@
dlvplant.nl
Energy Effi ciency (EE)
This tip explains the concept of energy effi ciency (EE) in more detail, so that readers can check their own situation. The current tariffs for energy can really push up the energy costs on a farm. However, it isn’t the actual bill, or the consumption, that should be examined fi rst when assessing how you use energy. Alongside a favourable energy contract with your pro- vider, it is crucial to keep the amount of energy consumed to produce a kilo of mushrooms as low as possible which means that the share of the cost price devoted to units of energy is also as low as possible. In the Netherlands, energy use in the mushroom sector has been monitored based on the EE since 1995. This is expressed here as Megajoules (MJ) of primary energy per kilo of mushrooms. This means that that electricity and gas (or other fuel) consumption is converted into Megajoules of primary energy. The average power station needs 9 MJ of primary energy to generate 1 kW of electricity, and 1 m3 of natural gas in the Netherlands has a calorifi c value of 31.65 MJ primary energy. (Note: other fuels, such as fuel oil, have a different calorifi c value. It is important to use the specifi c calorifi c value for the fuel in question in the calculation). Based on these conversion factors, you can calculate the EE for your own farm and compare it with the indicators for the sector in the table. The formula is: EE electricity in MJ/kg = (kWh annual consumption * 9 MJ/kWh) / kg annual production mushrooms. EE gas in MJ/kg = (m3 consumption * 31.65 MJ/m3) / kg annual production mushrooms. EE total in MJ/kg = EE electricity + EE gas. (Instead of gas, fi ll in any other fuel used with its corresponding calorifi c value). The monitoring data from the Dutch sector in 2012 shows that an average manual harvesting farm has an EE of 3.,35 MJ/kg for electricity and an EE of 3.39 MJ/kg for gas. The total EE is 6.75 MJ/kg. This fi gure for mechanised farms in 2012 is 2.55 MJ/kg for electricity, 2.35 MJ/kg for gas with a total EE of 4.91 MJ/ kg. Due to the scale, higher production per m2 and the shorter cropping cycles, farms that harvest mechanically always have a more favourable EE than manual picking farms.
Lead by example
Controlling and preventing pests and diseases is a major issue on all farms. Most companies have standard protocols in place to ensure that outbreaks are limited as much as possible. If a problem occurs, everyone knows what action to take. For example, from cooking out empty to cooking out full. And a lot of headaches can be avoided by checking all the beds for bubble or other infections before commencing picking. The correct use of crop protection agents can also help prevent infections, although their permitted use varies rather in different parts of the world.
By Erik Polman, DLV Plant Mushrooms
e.polman@dlvplant.nl
Photos: DLV Plant Mushrooms
If everything is under control on your farm, it is also important to inform visitors to the site what the rules and regulations are by stating the do’s and don’ts on clear signs. No one will feel offended if a possible breach is brought to his or her attention. Suppliers should also be expected to know and observe the hygiene protocols. Drivers, particularly, who are delivering casing soil and inoculated or spawn run compost should wear clean clothing, and drive clean vehicles. If necessary, they should be able to change their footwear and use disinfectant trays. Inspections of certain vehicles show that this is not an excessive luxury. Drivers without a de- dicated truck are often known to make a mess of things (see photo). Pointing this out to them, and to their employer, is a logical reaction. But only if you act as an example yourself!
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