Technical
Table 2. Weeds generally occuring outside of turf
vernacular name Ash
Balsam, Himalayan Bindweed, Black Birch
Blackthorn Brambles Broom
Buddleia Dogwood
Dropwort, Water Elder Gorse
Hogweed, Giant
Knotweed, Japanese Mugwort
Parsley, Cow
Rhododendron Sycamore
Willowherb, Rosebay Weed - Weed Fraxinus excelsior
Impatiens glandulifera Fallopia convolvulus Betula sp.
Prunus spinosa Rubus fruticosus Cytisus scoparius Buddleia davidii Cornus sanguinea Oenanthe crocata Sambucus nigra Ulex sp.
Heracleum mantegazzianum Falopia japonica Artemesia vulgaris Anthriscus sylvestris
Rhododendron ponticum Acer pseudoplatanus
Chamerion angustifolium What weed am I trying to control?
Knowing precisely what type of weed or weeds you are trying to control is fundamental to effective control. Some species are more susceptible to particular herbicides than others; both Yarrow and Speedwells are notoriously difficult to control. Selecting and combining herbicides that operate within the plant in different ways reduces the incidence of resistance and improves efficacy. This also helps target a broader range of species that can be controlled.
Where is the plant growing?
Herbicides that have been developed for use within turf grass are characterised according to the Crop Hierarchy into two distinct categories. These are as follows:
Managed amenity turf: Areas of frequently mown, (i.e. mown at least once a week) intensively managed turf, including fields being used for turf production. May include areas for public use, including all types of sports turf, golf greens, tees and fairways. Note: prior to June 2004, fairways were included under Amenity grassland.
Amenity grassland: Areas of semi-natural or planted grassland subject to minimal or non-
React Ultra
no no no
no no no
no no no no no no no
Managed Amenity Turf Amenity Grassland *Stewardship agreement required
forestry and uncropped areas
Relay Longbow Praxys Cabadex Esteem Depitox Thrust Blaster Pro Icade* Synero* Kaskara Turf
no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no
nononononononono no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no no no no no no no
no
yes yes
moderate
yes yes no
no no no
no moderate no no no no
no moderate no no no
nononononononono no no no no no no no
intensive management. Includes areas that may be accessed by the public, such as golf roughs. May include airfields and predominantly grassed railway embankments and roadside verges. May be floristically rich and irregularly managed so that plants may flower and set seed.
Pesticides are approved for use within these specific areas with the exception of Extensions for Authorisation for Minor Use (EAMUs), formerly known as SOLA’s or Specific Off-label Approvals. This information will be contained on the label which is likely to be accessible from a webpage. This is statutory information and, therefore, must be adhered to: the pesticide can only be applied on the area for which it has been approved.
What is the most effective herbicide that I can use?
Turf managers generally want to control a broad range of species and they are not all susceptible at the same time. As a rule of thumb, turf weeds are best controlled when they are growing rapidly, but well before they flower, typically in May and June.
To obtain the most effective control, the herbicide must be applied and left on the leaf
yes yes yes
no no no
yes yes yes
no no
yes
yes yes
no
no no no
nono no
yes no no no no no no
yes moderate no yes yes
no moderate no no
no
no moderate no no
yes yes
yes yes no no no no
yes no no
yes no
yes yes no no no no
yes no
yes no no
yes yes no
for at least three days before it is mown, otherwise you are simply removing the herbicide with the clippings. Follow the label recommendations closely and, where rates of herbicide and water volume vary, think about the best way of ensuring the herbicide comes into contact with the plant and has an opportunity to absorb it. Adjuvants are often incorporated into the product to help enhance the effect of the herbicide and, on occasions, it can be beneficial to add an adjuvant.
Table 1 provides a list of herbicides for weeds commonly occurring within turf and indicates which weeds they can be used to control.
Table 2 provides a list of herbicides that can be used to control larger, woody weeds and indicates which weeds they can be used to control.
Use plant protection products safely. Always read the label and product information before use.
John Handley is Technical Manager for Maxwell Amenity. BASIS No. AR/E/6794/ICMAT
grassland, Amenity
PC APRIL/MAY 2015 I 121
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