A central aspect of the design is the transparent second skin that wraps the entire building. This feature creates atriums that insulate the building, reducing energy use for heating and cooling.
Image ©Gensler
typhoon seasons that bring extreme gusts of wind. Gensler and structural engineer,
T ornton Tomasetti, refi ned the tower’s plans to feature a tapered profi le with a curved façade, and a geometric rotation, or ‘twist,’ of 120 degrees, in an attempt to reduce wind loads. To accurately measure the cable-and-ring support system, the team positioned lasers on nearby buildings. Using software loaded with these dimensions, fabricators produced curtain-wall panels that were assembled and verifi ed in the factory, which allowed for precise tolerances. Architects and engineers also implemented wind tunnel testing experiments of the largest proportions, using 1:85 scale models of the proposed tower and surrounding buildings, including internal temperature and air-fl ow distribution simulation to validate their design. Rounding the corners, where wind force is greatest, plus shifting those corners as the building climbs has a signifi cant eff ect to reduce pressure from wind. T e wind tunnel testing proved the asymmetrical design successful, reducing the building wind
loads by 24 percent. Furthermore, the result supported a lighter structure that saved $58 million in materials. In addition to the curved façade design, the top of the building features a Tuned-Mass Damper (TMD) to counter-act ‘sway’ and improve occupant comfort. At 12 metric tons, it essentially acts as a counter-balance, and is computerized to detect the wind force pushing the building one way, and actually pushes it back in the other direction.
SUSTAINABLE
STRATEGIES Sustainability is at the core of Shanghai Tower’s design. T e building features two skins of glass, or curtain walls. It’s like a building inside of a building. With over 1.4 million square feet of the most technologically advanced glass used anywhere in the world, the building’s transparent inner and outer skins admit maximum natural daylight, thereby reducing the need for electric light. T e tower’s outer skin also insulates the building, reducing energy use for heating and cooling. T e circular inner-glass
façade requires 14 percent less glass than a square building of the same total fl oor area, and the outer-glass features an ‘intelligent skin’ that is solar-oriented with a ceramic fritted dot-pattern of varying density and shapes to help fi lter and control the amount of direct sunlight. T e overall energy conservation rate of the Shanghai Tower is 54.3%, which is 21% better than similar buildings. Over 270 Wind turbines located
directly beneath the parapet generate on-site power for the upper fl oors of the building and power the building’s exterior lighting needs, generating 300,000 kilowatt-hours per year of green electricity. Overall, Shanghai Tower incorporates 43 sustainable strategies that will reduce energy consumption by 21 percent, and the building’s carbon footprint by 34,000 metric tons per year.
As the purpose and design of super-tall structures continues to evolve, the Shanghai Tower embodies the ideal solution for a high-density urban center such as Shanghai, and the city itself is the perfect petri dish for such an experiment in the face of unrelenting growth. y
THIS ARTICLE USED REFERENCES AND DETAILS FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES: Gensler. Tallest Building in China Tops Out. [press release] 8/2/2013.
www.gensler.com
The Vertical City. PBS Super Skyscrapers, February 2014. Film.
www.pbs.org
Dupré, Judith. Skyscrapers: A History of the World’s Most Extraordinary Buildings. Rev. 2013. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2008. Print.
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