Figure 8.1 Evolution of wheat tillage in rice–wheat systems in Haryana, India, 2004–05 to 2007–08 (village survey findings, n = 50)
Percent 100
70 80 90
50 60
Other tillage Reduced tillage Zero tillage
Conventional
2004–05
2005–06 Source: Adapted from Erenstein (2009a).
2006–07
2007–08
Figure 8.2 Evolution of wheat tillage systems in Haryana and Punjab, India, 2005–06 to 2007–08 (village survey findings, n = 120)
Percent 100
70 80 90
50 60
Other tillage Reduced tillage
Zero tillage Conventional
2005–06
2006–07 2007–08 2005–06 2006–07 Haryana
Punjab Source: Adapted from Erenstein (2009a).
by more conservation agriculture–based resource-conserving technologies such as zero or reduced tillage (Erenstein 2009a).
Adoption on the eastern plains is still in its initial stages, with a dearth of empirically based adoption estimates. A random village survey in 2005 found 13 percent of farm households using zero or reduced tillage in the northwestern rice–wheat belt, with still negligible adoption rates elsewhere on the Indian Indo-