Main nematode types found in sports turf during 2007/08
Genus (common name) Helicotylenchus (spiral) Meloidogyne (root knot) Heterodera (cyst)
Tylenchorhynchus (stunt) Pratylenchus (lesion)
Hemicycliophora (sheath) Tylenchus
Subanguina (root gall) Criconemella (ring)
Type % Occurrence
Ecto-endoparasite 67.1 Endoparasite Endoparasite Ectoparasite Endoparasite Ectoparasite Ectoparasite Endoparasite Ectoparasite
Paratrichodorus (stubby root) Ectoparasite Paratylenchus (pin) Longidorus (needle) Pratylenchoides
Rotylenchus (spiral)
Ectoparasite Ectoparasite Endoparasite
62.5 36.3 36.1 26.3 24.9 32.0 8.2 4.2 8.2 6.5 3.9 4.5
Ecto-endoparasite 1.0
Because of differences in their biology a range of techniques may be needed to manage nematodes
Some greenkeepers have raised the possibility that the move away from urea based fertilisers and towards foliar feeding may be affecting the soil environment
symptoms of stunting, leaf senescence and an uneven distribution and decrease in nutrient concentration in shoots.
Plants will respond to any root- dysfunction with symptoms related to deficiencies of nutrient or water, and the following symptoms may indicate that you have a nematode problem in your turf:
• Yellowing and thinning of the turf • Reduced turf vigour • Premature wilt
• Turfgrass that is slow to recover from stress
• Turfgrass that does not respond to fertilisation
So, as a turf manager, how can you determine if you have a
potential nematode problem in your greens or pitch?
Key Features of Nematode attack
• The distribution of nematodes in soil is usually uneven and often the nematode population is clustered into hot-spots
• Symptoms on the turf will be seen as non-uniform
• Affected plants respond poorly to stress and normal wear and tear
• Affected plants may be infected by weak fungal pathogens
• Plants may die when under high stress
What to look for above ground • Chlorotic thinning turf • No obvious signs of fungal
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