based on GPA mitigates some of the regressivity across schools when compared
with the awards based on standardized test results, and it is likely that variations
in grading standards could be a factor. This is consistent with evidence from the
Georgia HOPE Scholarship research findings that some localities do better than
expected in number of scholarships obtained (Campbell & Finney, 2005).
Table 4: Correlations for Subsidized Lunches and Racial Composition
Percent of Students
Receiving Free or Percent of
Measure Reduced-Price Lunch Caucasian Students
Percent of students earning award -.33*** .29***
Average base award -.20*** .30***
Average award per student -.31*** .29***
Average bonus award -.64*** -----
*** statistically significant at .001
Table 4 presents the correlations between the earning of KEES awards and the
percentage of the student populations that are Caucasian. There is a modest,
statistically significant relationship between the percentage of students that are
Caucasian and the three base award measures. Conversely, no relationship
emerges between supplemental awards and the racial makeup of the school.
The relationship between receiving free or reduced-price lunch and earning a
KEES award was also tested using a multivariate model. OLS Regression was
used to measure the effects of demographic composition on KEES awards. The
three independent variables of primary interest are percentage of students who
receive free or reduced-price lunch, percentage of students who are Caucasian,
and percentage of students who are female. A control for school locale as
categorized by National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) was also included
when generating results, which are presented in Table 5.
Table 5: Summary of OLS Regression Results
Percent of
Students Earning Average Base Average Award Average Bonus
Measure KEES Awards Award Per Student Award
Percent of students receiving free -0.16*** -0.27*** -0.66*** -1.19***
or reduced-price lunch
Percent of Caucasian students 0.16*** 0.33** 0.66** -0.00
Percent of female students 0.32* 0.52 1.13 -0.82
N 232 232 232 232
Adj. R 0.26 0.19 0.26 0.49
*** Statistically significant at .001 (one-tail test)
** Statistically significant at .01 (one-tail test)
* Statistically significant at .05 (one-tail test)
National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators 35
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