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Table 1: Model Specifications and Variable Coding Scheme
Variables/Factors Variable Name Coding Reference Criterion
Background Characteristics
Ethnicity African American 0=no Compared to
1=yes Caucasian students
Ethnicity Latino 0=no Compared to
1=yes Caucasian students
Ethnicity Other 0=no Compared to
1=yes Caucasian students
Gender Female 0=no Compared to male
1=yes students
Age Under 22 0=no Compared to students
1=yes between 22 and 30
Age Over 30 0=no Compared to students
1=yes between 22 and 30
SES Low income – less 0=no Compared to students
than $30,000 1=yes with medium income
SES High income – greater 0=no Compared to students
than $50,000 1=yes with medium income
Dependency Independent for 0=no Compared to
financial aid 1=yes dependent students
Marital status Married 0=no Compared to single
1=yes students
Mother’s Educational Higher education 0=no Compared to no
Attainment experience 1=yes higher ed experience
Father’s Educational Higher education 0=no Compared to no
Attainment experience 1=yes higher ed experience
Disability Have any disability 0=no Compared to students
1=yes without disabilities
Parent’s Choice Parent’s higher 0=no Selection variable
education choice 1=yes
Counselor’s Choice Counselor’s higher 0=no Selection variable
education choice 1=yes
Distance from Home Distance=Low 0=no Compared to medium
0-30 miles 1=yes distance from home
Distance from Home Distance=High 0=no Compared to medium
> 100 miles 1=yes distance from home
National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators 13
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