Table 4: Time and power proportions, only applicable for the steel version Time proportion 3 %
82 % 15 %
Gas turbine 100 % 95 % 20 %
5. LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS
An LCC model of Woodward [3] has been chosen to analyse the costs of the three different ship concepts. This model is simple but covers all aspects of importance for the cost comparison at this stage. The adjusted flow chart in figure 3 presents the steps that lead to the LCC of the vessel. The energy assessment included in this chart will not be presented here in detail and interested readers are referred to [1].
Steel version Aluminium version Operation profile Cost
breakdown structure
Calculate costs at
current prices Escalate current costs
Discount costs to base periode
Sum-up costs and energy Energy
breakdown structure
Calculate energy
consumption Cost
breakdown structure
Calculate costs at
current prices Escalate current costs
Discount costs to base periode
Sum-up costs and energy Energy
breakdown structure
Calculate energy
consumption Cost
breakdown structure
Calculate costs at
current prices Escalate current costs
Discount costs to base periode
Sum-up costs and energy Energy
breakdown structure
Calculate energy
consumption
Table 5: Planning, design, and production cost breakdown Cost element
Planning, total
Conceptual design Basic design
Detailed design Design, total
Break-even analysis Sensitivity analysis
Figure 3. LCCA and energy assessment process,followed by a break-even and sensitivity analysis
Traditionally, the cost breakdown comprises all cost
elements of a product. Since the presented study is of a comparative nature, identical or similar costs are not considered.
The cost elements are grouped according to their appearance in the
different periods of life.
terminology of these three periods have been partly adopted from the model
adjusted according to the considered cost elements in shipbuilding and operation:
Planning, design and production costs Operation and maintenance costs Disposal costs
B-4 of Woodward, and partly The Structure, waste Insulation
Machinery and electrical
Material, total Tooling
Fabrication, structure
Energy costs for manufacturing
Manufacturing, total
Planning, design, and production, total
32.60 6.39
Outfitting 12.60 0.50
49.15 45.90 0.14
0.45 9.00
12.74 0.62
19.63 22.81 75.33
(M€) 0.10
6.30
Outfitting 5.80 Interior
7.80
3.05 1.05 6.30 8.10
0.15 1.50 4.55
6.20
Engineering, total 0.25 0.35 Structure
2.35 0.60
0.15 1.55 4.60
Composite version
Diesel engine 100 % 90 % 20 %
For input data in labour hours the following rates are used; Production hours 45.00 €/h, Design/Engineering hours 50.00 €/h
6. PLANNING, DESIGN, AND PRODUCTION
In the planning costs, market analysis and feasibility studies are included. The design phase is split up into three elements, according to the terminology of Aker Finnyards. In the detailed design, workshop drawings, review, tests and documentation are included. In the engineering during the production phase, production control and support are included. Material – The data source for the steel and aluminium version are based on Aker Finnyards experience. For the composite version the weight and costs are calculated in the preliminary design study [2]. The outfitting and waste cost is based on Kockums experience. The insulation (fire) is: material 0.065 M€ and labour 700 h · 45 €/h. The cost for the machinery and electrical systems for the composite version is taken as the same as for the aluminium version. As mentioned earlier no investment costs in additional infrastructure due to technology adaptation of a manufacturer is considered in this study. The cost break down is presented in table 5.
Steel Aluminium Composite (M€) 0.10
(M€) 0.13
0.15 1.50 4.25
5.90 0.30
11.20 1.68 5.70 6.00 0.10
27.40 27.40 52.08
0.29
11.93 9.00 0.63
21.85 75.43 80.26
©2008: Royal Institution of Naval Architects
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