International Journal of Small Craft Technology COST AND ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF A HIGH SPEED SHIP
M Burman and A Hedlund-Åström, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden B Lingg, S Villiger and H Enlund, Aker Finyards, Finland S-E Hellbratt, Kockums AB, Sweden
SUMMARY
A comparison in total life cycle costs and energy consumption for one high speed ship design with three different structural materials have been performed. The investigation considers a high speed ferry with a steel hull and an aluminium superstructure, an all aluminium concept and a ship built in sandwich material with carbon fibre faces. The different materials will affect several cost elements during the design, the production and the operation of the ship until and including its disposal. Furthermore, the material selection has an impact on the energy consumption within all stages of the ships life cycle. The assessment is made in a comparative manner. Hence, identical out fitting components, e.g. interior, instrumentation, and ventilation are left out.
It is shown that the steel version causes the highest costs and energy consumption. The sandwich construction has the lowest life cycle costs while the aluminium version has the lowest energy consumption. The break-even point between the steel and the composite versions appears after 4 years (only 2 years of operation!), the break-even point between the aluminium and the composite ferry is after 12 years (10 years of operation).
A sensitivity analysis with different possible scenarios, e.g. change in interest, fuel cost, maintenance cost, has been performed. All of the investigated scenarios identify the composite version to have the lowest life cycle costs. This paper summarises an original work carried out as a Master of Science work as given in [1-2].
1. INTRODUCTION
The aim of this work is an assessment of costs and energy consumption of a ship made of three different materials concepts, steel, aluminium, and carbon fibre sandwich. To make a correct comparison
between
different materials due to economy and environmental effects, it is necessary to analyse its entire life cycle. The investigated type of ship is a high speed ferry used for transporting passengers, cars version of this
and trucks. The steel type of ship already exists. For the
aluminium and carbon fibre versions detailed preliminary designs were used [2].
2. BACKGROUND
In a life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) the accumulated costs of a product or a system is studied over its entire life. This
considers costs for development, engineering and production, operation, maintenance and
disposal, figure 1. The analysis is based on estimated and/or calculated costs of a product. The LCCA can help to evaluate different alternatives of a project.
By manufacturing ship structures in aluminium or composite materials, the
structural weight can be
decreased. This may be used for: fuel savings according to smaller engine power, higher payload, bigger fuel tanks, increase of service speed, or longer range.
Aker Finnyards (Finland) produce high speed ferries in mainly steel and aluminium. Several monohull and twinhull vessels (catamaran) have been developed. Aker
©2008: Royal Institution of Naval Architects
From a pure manufacturing point of view, steel is the most economical material when producing large ships and cruising vessels. However, a ship will continue to incur costs for operation and maintenance during its
Finnyards has constructed the largest aluminium ship in the world, the HSS 1500, a High Speed Car/Passenger Ferry
Kockums, Karlskronavarvet (Sweden) has a vast
experience in designing and producing commercial and naval ships using steel, aluminium, and composites. Recent production has been focused on the 72-meter all carbon fibre sandwich Visby stealth-corvette for the Swedish navy.
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