Production • Processing • Handling
of mechanical properties.
A calculation of the minimum hot tensile strength according to EN 10314 leads to curves less or equal to 85 per cent of the values listed in table U. As described in the article this level
Fig. 5. Steel grade A387-22-2, Tensile strength values versus Temperature, including Calculation Limits of ASME II-D, Table U.
Conclusions Te values of ASME II-D, tables U and Y-1 are to be used for design purpose only. In chapter 2 we have seen that there is a misfit between the tabulated values and the measured mechanical properties of the examined steel grades. Rp0,2
values of table Y1
are quite below the mechanical properties of the evaluated steels, and vice versa for Rm
.
It is the task of design people to define the test method as well as the acceptance criteria. In the case of pressure vessels running at high temperature, appropriate values have to be specified from existing standards and specifications. We motivate the user to verify the aptitude of the chosen method. Te above described philosophy of EN 10134 can help and simplify the evaluation. Te one who is trying to fulfil a too high acceptance criteria, such as 90 per cent of ASME II-D, Table U values, can have a negative impact because it can impair the well balanced profile
fits quite well with the evaluation based experience of one of the leading steel makers. ●
For more information ✔ at
www.engineerlive.com/iog
REFERENCES: 1 Boiler and Pressure Vessel ASME Code, Section II (Materials), Part D (Properties) [last edition]:
tables U, Y1; 2 API Recommended Practice 934-A [last edition]: Materials and Fabrication of 2¼Cr- 1Mo, 2¼Cr-1Mo-1/4V, 3Cr-1Mo, and 3Cr-1Mo- 1/4V Steel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-
temperature, High-pressure Hydrogen Service; 3 EN 10314 (last edition): method for the derivation of minimum values of proof strength of steel at elevated temperatures
ABBREVIATIONS: Rm
Rp0,2
- Tensile strength; - Yield strength;
T - Testing Temperature (°C)
Jörg Maffert, Technical Marketing, and Dr Ingo Detemple, Metallurgical Department, are with Dillinger Hütte GTS, Dillingen, Saar, Germany.
www.dillinger.de
Shipping industry looks to offshoring I
t’s no secret the shipping industry has been through tough squalls in the past few years,
writes Philippe Despagne. However, there have been pockets of growth in offshoring and BRIC countries, particularly Brazil and China. Investments in technology have also helped spur innovation and help ship operators adhere to regulations while keeping an eye to their bottom line. Offshoring has been one of the key growth areas
for ship building. The focus in the segment has been driven by the notable uptick in the conversions of Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) to FPSO (Field Production Storage Operation) or to FSO (Field Storage operation).
72
www.engineerlive.com Additional areas for further development lie
within China and Brazil. According to the analyst firm Research and Markets, the Chinese ship building industry is one of the fastest growing in the world, noting investors are optimistic of strong long-term growth of the overall Asia Pacific ship building industry. Brazil became a key interest for ship building
4-5 years ago when large oil fields were discovered. Since then there has been an increased focus on oil transportation. In the next few years there are further growth opportunities expected, like inland waterway transportation and offshore support vessels. Honeywell Marine is already well positioned
in this segment with solutions that provide reliable and safe liquid measurement to ship owners. Finally, innovation and technology has been a
bright spot for the industry. By investing in newer technologies, such as systems and solutions to monitor and optimise the fuel consumption, ship operators are able to further benefit from increased fuel efficiency, resulting in bottom line savings and overall emission reductions. ●
For more information ✔ at
www.engineerlive.com/iog
Philippe Despagne is General Manager Honeywell, Bourges France.
www.honeywellmarine.com
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