share, however, is expected to decline slightly in 2013 due to the continued growth of EVs.
EVs are still a very small component of the market, though they have experienced considerable growth in recent years. In 2013, these vehicles are expected to account for 6.6% of all electric vehicle sales (including HEVs and PHEVs). EVs use rechargeable batteries to power electric motors, consuming only elec- tricity in the process. Currently, most EVs, such as the Nissan Leaf, can drive about 100 miles on a single charge, which is less than most conventional vehicles can drive on a single tank of gasoline. Nevertheless, data from the Department of Transportation suggests that a maximum range of 100 miles per charge is sufficient for 90% of house- hold trips in the US.
PHEVs are HEVs that can plug into the power grid. PHEVs feature larger batteries than HEVs, allowing them to drive at full speed using an electric motor. According to the Department of Energy, PHEVs can drive about 10–40 miles using only electricity. Also, if frequently charged, they become significantly more efficient when driving short- to-medium distances than HEVs. Variations on plug-in hybrid technol- ogy include extended-range electric vehicles, which use an ICE to generate electricity for the electric motor. GM’s Chevy Volt uses this technology. In 2012, PHEVs made up 7.9% of total electric vehicle sales.
Electric Vehicle Manufacturing For the most part, electric vehicles can be assembled in facilities that are also suitable for conventional vehicles, because both types have similar basic components such as the chassis, inte- rior and wheels. Toyota takes advantage of this by producing hybrid and gasoline
models of its Camry at the same facility. However, as electric vehicles gain a larger share of the market and require custom- ized manufacturing machinery, facilities dedicated to electric vehicles may become more commonplace. For example, ac-
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June 2013 |
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