Motorized Vehicle Manufacturing
History Electric cars date back to the
19th century. At the time, internal combustion engines (ICE) and cheap gasoline had not yet satu- rated the market, though industrial- ists and scientists had developed considerable expertise working with electric motors and batteries. This allowed electric cars to gain an early foothold that didn’t last. The superior speed and range of gasoline vehicles allowed them to overtake electric cars in the market. According to an article from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, by 1909, electric vehicle production was equivalent to only 4.4% of gasoline vehicle production.
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Since then, cost and range concerns have continued to limit the growth of electric vehicles. Although interest has spiked during periods of high oil prices, on average interest has remained low. Modern electric vehicles in the US emerged in 1999, when
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Toyota and Honda brought hybrid electric vehicles to the US market. Demand for these models and other electric vehicles has remained strong, mainly because of public concerns for the environment, falling vehicle costs, increasing gasoline prices and government tax incentives. According to Toyota, as of March 2013, the company has sold more than 5 million hybrid vehicles worldwide. Two million of these units were sold in the US.
Types of Electric Vehicles
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HEVs contain an ICE and an electric motor, providing them with advantages from both types of propulsion. HEVs can rely entirely on electric motors when driving at low speeds, result- ing in fuel savings and low emissions. However, hybrids do use gasoline engines when driving at higher speeds, providing drivers with the reliability and range of conventional ve- hicles. HEVs cannot plug directly into the grid to charge their batteries; typically, the braking system and ICE are used to generate electricity and charge the batteries. HEVs currently dominate the electric vehicle market because of their similari- ties to conventional vehicles. According to the Electric Drive Transportation Association, HEVs accounted for 89.2% of the electric vehicles sold in the US during 2012. Their market
Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013
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