Lead castings can be placed in plastic containers to make them suitable for shipping radioactive materi- als. The 1.5-lb. containers lined with lead above and the 8-in., 2-lb. container at left provide radiation protection for doses of nuclear medicine.
sand castings require more post-pro- cessing than permanent mold castings, and according to Ray, many of Vulcan’s customers turn to permanent mold casting in order to streamline procure- ment of a fi nished product. Customers also like to consolidate purchasing when possible, ideally buying from a single source, he said.
Can Lead Be Made Safe? Lead can be a dangerous mate-
rial. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration made all forms of metallic and inorganic lead the subject of one of its fi rst complete standards in 1978, according to Kay Rowntree, Industrial Hygiene Sciences LLC, Waterford, Wis. “The standard includes in great de-
tail what you have to do to comply,” she said. “It’s a very prescriptive stan- dard because it’s older.” On the production side, OSHA
standard 1910.1025 states that an individual cannot be exposed to more than 50 micrograms of lead per cubic meter over an eight-hour, time- weighted period. If tests show lead levels above 30 micrograms per cubic meter of actual exposure, action must be taken to reduce the levels, and the
JULY/AUGUST 2011 METAL CASTING DESIGN AND PURCHASING 37
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