stant at 0.25 over a large compressive stress range and increases at higher stress levels. Gray iron is ideally suited for machine
bases and supports, engine cylinder blocks and brake components. Ductile iron—An unusual combina- tion of properties is obtained in ductile
iron because the graphite occurs as spheroids rather than as flakes (Table 3). Ductile iron exhibits a linear stress-strain relationship, a considerable range of yield strengths and ductility. Castings are made in a wide range of sizes with very thin or thick sections.
Table 1. Iron Specifications, Characteristics & Applications Standard Specifications
• ASTM A48: gray iron castings • ASTM A74: cast iron soil & pipe fittings • ASTM A126: gray iron castings for valves, flanges & pipe fittings • ASTM A159: automotive gray iron castings • SAE J431: automotive gray iron castings • ASTM A278 & ASME SA278: gray iron castings for pressure-containing parts for temperatures up to 650F (343C)
• ASTM A319: gray iron castings for elevated temperatures for non-pressure-containing parts
• ASTM A823: statically cast permanent mold castings • ASTM A834: common requirements for iron castings for general industrial use
Standard Specifications
• ASTM A395 & ASME SA395: ferritic ductile iron pressure-retaining castings for use at elevated temperatures
• ASTM A439: austenitic ductile iron castings • ASTM A476 & ASME SA476: ductile iron castings for paper mill dryer rolls • ASTM A536 & SAE J434: ductile iron castings • ASTM A571 & ASME SA571: austenitic ductile iron castings for pressure-containing parts suitable for low-temperature service
• ASTM A874: ferritic ductile iron castings suitable for low-temperature service • ASTM A897: austempered ductile iron castings
Standard Specifications • ASTM A842: CGI castings
Characteristics
Several grades for both strength & ductility; high strength, ductility & wear resistance; contact fatigue resistance; ability to withstand thermal cycling; and production of fracture- critical components.
Characteristics
A compromise of properties between gray & ductile iron.
The different grades are produced by
controlling the matrix structure around the graphite either as-cast or by heat treatment. Only minor compositional differences (to promote the desired ma- trix microstructure) exist among the regular grades. Alloy additions may be
Characteristics
Several strength grades; vibration damping; low rate of thermal expansion & resistance to thermal fatigue; lubrication retention; and good machinability.
Applications
Automobile engine blocks & heads; manifolds for internal combustion engines; gas burners; machine tool bases; dimensionally stable tooling sub- jected to temperature variations, such as gear blanks & forming die covers; cylinder liners for internal combustion engines; intake manifolds; soil pipes; counterweights; and enclosures & housings.
Applications
Steering knuckles; plow shares; gears; automotive & truck suspension components; brake components; valves; pumps; linkages; hydraulic components; and wind turbine housings.
Applications
Diesel engine blocks & frames; cylinder liners; brake discs for trains; power generators; exhaust manifolds; pump housings; and brackets.
Standard Specifications • ASTM A532: abrasion-resistant white iron castings Characteristics
Extremely hard & wear-resistant.
Standard Specifications
• ASTM A47 & ASME SA47: ferritic malleable iron castings • ASTM A197: cupola malleable iron • ASTM A220: pearlitic malleable iron • ASTM A338: malleable iron flanges, pipe fittings & valve parts for railroad, marine & other heavy-duty service up to 650F (343C)
• ASTM A602 & SAE J158: automotive malleable iron castings Standard Specifications
• ASTM A436: austenitic gray iron castings • ASTM A518: corrosion-resistant high-silicon iron castings
Characteristics
Corrosion resistant; retains strength & dimensions during
elevated-temperature expo- sure; and able to withstand thermal cycling.
16 METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING Applications
Chemical processing; petro- leum refining; food handling & marine service; control of corrosive fluids; and pressure valves.
Characteristics Soft & extremely ductile. Applications
Crushing & grinding applications; and grinding balls.
Applications
Chains; sprockets; tool parts & hardware; connecting rods; drive train & axle components; and spring suspensions.
2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY
Alloyed Iron
Malleable Iron
White Iron
CGI
Ductile Iron
Gray Iron
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