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meaning their casting and mechanical properties are not affected by fluc- tuations in the impurity content. Alloys B319 and 320 show higher strength and hardness than 319 and A319 and are generally used with the permanent mold casting process. Characteristics other than strength and hardness are similar to those of 319 and A319. Typical applications for sand castings


of these alloys include internal combus- tion and diesel engine crankcases, gasoline and oil tanks and oil pans. Permanent mold cast components include water- cooled cylinder heads, rear axle housings and engine parts. Alloy 356—Alloy 356 has excel- lent casting characteristics and has


largely replaced alloy 295. Permanent mold castings of this alloy are used for machine tool parts, aircraft wheels and hand wheels, pump parts, tank car fittings, marine hardware, valve bodies and bridge railing parts, as well as for aileron control sectors, rudder control supports, fuselage fittings and fuel tank elbows for airplanes and mis- siles. Automotive applications include miscellaneous castings for trucks and trailers, spring brackets, cylinder heads, engine blocks, passenger car wheels and transmission cases. Uses for sand castings of 356 include


flywheel housings, automotive transmis- sion cases, oil pans, rear axle housings, brackets, water-cooled cylinder blocks,


Table 1. Typical Mechanical Properties of Common Cast Aluminum Alloys and Tempers Alloy


Casting Process Ultimate Yield Strength Elongation 201.0 / A201.0 A206.0 319.0 / A319.0


Sand & PM—T42 Sand & PM—T6 Sand & PM—T7 Sand—T4 PM—T4 PM—T7 Sand—F Sand—T5 Sand—T6 PM—F


355.0


PM—T6 Sand—F


Sand—T51 Sand—T6 Sand—T7 PM—F


356.0


PM—T51 PM—T6 PM—T62 PM—T7 PM—T7 Sand—F


Sand—T51 Sand—T6 Sand—T71 PM—F


A356.0


PM—T51 PM—T6 PM—T7 Sand—F


Sand—T51 Sand—T-6 Sand—T71 PM—F


535.0 PM=Permanent mold 26 METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING 2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY


PM—T51 PM—T6 PM—T61 Sand—F


37 55 60 36 38 50 18 26 24 19 27 12 23 25 36 15 24 27 40 30 31 18 20 24 21 18 20 27 24 12 18 30 20 13 20 30 30 20


17.0 8.0 5.5 7.0


various fittings and pump bodies. This alloy is used in various marine applica- tions in the T6 heat treat condition where pressure tightness or corrosion resistance are major requirements. Alloy A356—Because of its lower level


of impurities, alloy A356 has greater elon- gation, higher strength and considerably higher ductility than 356. Typical applica- tions are airframe castings, machine parts, truck chassis parts, aircraft and missile components and structural parts requir- ing high strength. Alloys A380 and B380—These alloys


are used for general-purpose die cast- ings. They have good mechanical prop- erties and are used to make housings for lawn mowers and radio transmitters, air


Shear


17.0 12.0 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 0.5 4.0 2.0 4.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 6.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 2.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 5.0


12.0 10.0 13.0


— 42 40 40 42 37 22 24 29 24 27 — 22 28 28 — 24 34 36 30 27 — 20 26 20 — — 30 25 — — — — — — — — 27


Brinell Hardness (500 kg


& Temper Strength (ksi) (set .02%-ksi) (% in 2 in.) Strength (ksi) load on 10 mm ball) 60 65 68 51 62 63 27 30 36 34 40 23 28 35 38 27 30 42 45 40 36 24 25 33 28 26 27 38 32 23 26 40 30 27 29 41 41 40





130 146 — — — 70 80 80 85 95 — 65 80 85 — 75 90


105 85 85 —


60 70 60 — — 80 70 — — 75 — — — 80 90 70


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