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the internal soundness, increase the density and improve the properties of a casting. Castings are placed in an inert atmosphere in a pressure vessel, where the temperature is raised to near the solidus. The pressure is increased in the vessel, causing plastic deformation that collapses the internal porosity. Hot tear An irregularly shaped fracture in a casting resulting from stresses set up by steep thermal gradients within the casting during solidification. Impregnation A treatment of castings with a sealing medium to stop pressure leaks. Inclusions Particles of slag, refractory materials, sand or deoxidation products trapped in the casting during pour- ing solidification.


Ingot A mass of metal cast to a convenient size and shape for remelting or hot working. Injection molding The injection of molten metal under pressure into molds. Inoculation An addition to molten metal of substances designed to change the physical and mechanical properties of the structure.


Inserts Parts formed from a secondary material and placed in the mold to function as integral structural parts of the casting. Investment casting A pattern casting process in which a wax or thermoplastic pattern is used. The pattern is invested


(surrounded) by a refractory slurry. After the mold is dry, the pattern is melted or burned out and molten metal is poured into the resulting cavity. Jobbing foundry A metalcasting facility that manufactures cast- ings not intended for use in its own product.


Ladle A container used to transfer molten metal from the fur- nace to the mold. Locating pad A projection on a casting that helps maintain alignment of the casting for machining operations. Locating surface A casting surface to be used as a basis for measurement in making secondary machining operations. Lost foam A casting process in which a foam pattern is placed in a flask filled with loose sand, and molten metal is poured onto the pattern, replacing its shape and form- ing a casting. Machinability The index or rate of removal by machining methods, usually expressed as cutting speed in surface ft./minute or depth of cut. Master pattern The object from which a die can be made; generally a metal model of the part to be cast with process shrinkage added.


Martemping The process of quenching an austenitized ferrous alloy to the upper portion of the martensitic formation tem- perature range and holding it until the temperature throughout the alloy is uniform.


Mechanical properties Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic properties when force is applied. This term should not be used interchangeably with “physical properties.”


Melting range Pure metals melt at one definite temperature, but the constituents of alloys melt at different temperatures; the variation from the lowest to the highest is called the melting range. Metal lot A master heat that has been approved for casting and given a sequential number by the metalcaster. Misrun Denotes an irregularity of the casting surface caused by incomplete filling of the mold so that the casting is not fully formed. Mold Normally consists of a top and bottom form, made of sand, metal or any other investment material. It contains the cavity into which molten metal is poured to produce a casting of definite shape.


Mold cavity The impression in a mold produced by removal of the pat- tern. It is filled with molten metal to form the casting. Mold coating See core wash. Nobake process Molds/cores pro- duced with a resin-bonded, air-setting sand. Also known as the airset process because molds are left to harden under atmospheric conditions. Nodular iron See ductile iron. Normalizing A heat treatment in which ferrous alloys are heated to a


46 METAL CASTING DESIGN & PURCHASING 2011 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY


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