According to EPA, without the
Tailoring Rule, 6 million sources would have needed operating permits, and 82,000 PSD permitting actions would have been required. With the rule, only 15,550 sources will need operating permits, and 1,600 permit- ting actions per year will be needed to address greenhouse gas. T e rule went into eff ect Jan. 1, 2011, for facilities that were already subject to the rule due to emissions of another air pollut- ant and will go into eff ect July 1, 2011, for all facilities. “If a foundry emits more than
75,000 tons or has the potential to emit more than 75,000 tons a year, then it would be subject to this permitting rule,” Radia said. “Or if a foundry wants to make a change in the operation, such as putting in a new line or cupola, or build a new facility, it would be subject to the rule if the change increased emissions by more than 75,000 tons.” In the permitting process, facili-
ties must prove the equipment and operations they are installing are the best available technology. However, best practices for reducing greenhouse gases have not been established, which could mean a long permitting process. “In the past, if a change triggered
PSD, a facility could go to a database for the best available control technol- ogy (BACT),” said Jim Schifo, vice president of Keramida Inc., India- napolis. “Today, there is no database available for greenhouse gas control technology; therefore, no one is capable of making a simple BACT determination.” Schifo said that with other pol-
lutants, such as particulate matter, fi lters can be used to cut emissions. But because greenhouse gases are products of combustion and gases, fi lters won’t work. Other experimen- tal methods, such as injected the gases into the ground, are unproven or cripplingly expensive. “Dealing with greenhouse gas,
there is no end-of-pipe control,” Radia said. “T ey are researching some experimental technologies, but they would be more amenable to large power plants and refi neries, not metalcasting facilities.”
GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS TIMELINE
2007
April 2, 2007—The Supreme Court ruled in Massachusetts vs. EPA that greenhouse gases are air pollutants covered by the Clean Air Act and under the EPA authority. EPA was directed to determine whether greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles endanger public health or welfare.
December 5, 2007—EPA fi nds six key greenhouse gases in the atmosphere endanger the public welfare and emissions from new motor vehicles contribute to the problem. The Bush Administration refuses to hear the proposal, and EPA withdraws its proposed rulemaking.
2009 2010
December 26, 2007—As part of the fi scal year 2008 Con- solidated Appropriations Act, EPA was ordered to establish a rule requiring facilities to report greenhouse gas emissions, which set in motion the greenhouse gas reporting rule.
December 7, 2009—EPA fi nalizes its fi ndings that greenhouse gases pose a threat to public health and the environment.
March 30, 2010—EPA issues a fi nal rule mandating increased fuel economy in light vehicles and setting a federal limit on green- house gas emissions from tailpipes. It is the fi rst time a federal limit on green- house gases has been imposed.
May 13, 2010—EPA issues the Prevention of Signifi - cant Deterioration and Title V Green- house Gas Tailoring Rule, setting a threshold (75,000 tons per year) for greenhouse gas emissions that defi ne when permits are required for new and existing industrial facilities.
November 3, 2010—President Obama announces he is abandoning efforts to implement a comprehensive cap and trade system via legislation.
2011
July 1, 2011—The full Tailoring Rule goes into effect.
June 2011 MODERN CASTING | 25
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60