COMPANYNEWS Solar specific metallization
DUPONT MICROCIRCUIT MATERIALS (MCM) is accelerating the completion of a technology innovation that is enables formulations for a series of photovoltaic (PV) metallization pastes that significantly reduce the silver content. This development will help offset some of the impact that rising silver prices have on the cost of producing solar cells and modules.
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DuPont expects to commercialize the first generation of lower silver Solamet pastes later this year, and based on preliminary MCM lab evaluations, the company anticipates that the first generation products will have a reduced silver content of over 10 percent. DuPont expects that ongoing research efforts will enable the development of subsequent generations of the products with the silver content reduced by as much as 20 percent compared to today’s existing products. The development is part of MCM’s roadmap of proposed technology options to enable the industry goal for conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cellsbeyond 20 percent by
2012, and to help lower the cost of PV generated energy.
“Lower costs are critical to the future of the PV industry, and the escalating price of silver has become a key concern for our customers,” said Peter Brenner, global marketing manager, photovoltaics - DuPont Microcircuit Materials. “DuPont is working aggressively to reduce our customers’ reliance on silver as a basic conductive material, to reduce cell and module costs today and enable a more stable cost structure in the future. DuPont Solamet PV17A, launched at SNEC in February, already substantially reduces the amount of paste needed to produce a solar cell, and we’re continuing to put our science to work by lowering the silver content in the paste itself with this anticipated new product system. MCM has a history of success in enabling cost reductions through new material innovations without compromising performance. We are looking forward to introducing this system to the market.”
The lower-silver Solamet photovoltaic HP and UCSB map memristors
RESEARCHERS at Hewlett Packard and the University of California, Santa Barbara, have analysed in unprecedented detail the physical and chemical properties of an electronic device that computer engineers hope will transform computing.
Memristors, short for memory resistors, are a newly understood circuit element for the development of electronics and have inspired experts to seek ways of mimicking the behaviour of our own brains’ activity inside a computer. The research explains how the researchers have used highly focused x-rays to map out the nanoscale physical and chemical properties of these electronic devices. It is thought memristors, with the ability to ‘remember’ the total electronic charge that passes through them, will be of greatest benefit when they can act like synapses within electronic circuits, mimicking the complex network of neurons present in the brain, enabling our own ability to perceive, think and
remember. Mimicking biological synapses, the junctions between two neurons where information is transmitted in our brains, could lead to a wide range of novel applications, including semi- autonomous robots, if complex networks of neurons can be reproduced in an artificial system. In order for the huge potential of memristors to be utilised, researchers first need to understand the physical processes that occur within the memristors at a very small scale.
Memristors have a very simple structure, often a thin film made of titanium dioxide between two metal electrodes, and have been extensively studied in terms of their electrical properties.
For the first time, researchers have been able to non-destructively study the physical properties of memristors allowing for a more detailed insight into the chemistry and structure changes that occur when the device is operating. The researchers were able to study the exact
metallization paste system is comprised of new frontside silver and tabbing pastes, which DuPont anticipates for many applications will be near drop-in replacements for current products.
MCM began developing non-precious metal thick film compositions for low-cost applications in the early 1980’s, for example with the screen-printable, low- temperature Mydas copper material system for use in automotive applications, and has continued to successfully draw upon internal and external collaborative efforts to leverage proprietary and patented technology using novel approaches to reduce costs for conductive materials in a range of industries including the automotive, passive component and plasma display panel markets.
channel where the resistance switching of memristors occurs by using a combination of techniques. They used highly focused x-rays to locate and image the approximately one hundred nanometer wide channel where the switching of resistance takes place, which could then be fed into a mathematical model of how the memristor heats up.
John Paul Strachan of the nanoElectronics Research Group, Hewlett-Packard Labs, California, said: “One of the biggest hurdles in using these devices is understanding how they work: the microscopic picture for how they undergo such tremendous and reversible change in resistance.
www.solar-pv-management.com Issue V 2011
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