3,230 buildings. It also works well for clinics, hospitals and emergency service buildings. We found a good correlation between actual operational ratings and the benchmark figures in 94% of the DECs included in the analysis.
Findings Many categories use more electricity and less fuel than the benchmark values, although these often cancel each other out, making the median of the overall ratings closer to 100. This reflects the growth in electrical equipment in most buildings over recent years, coupled with the internal heat gains these create, improvements in insulation, boilers and heating controls, and a warmer climate, all of which have combined to reduce heating demand. In two categories, the
benchmarks appeared to be too generous: l Entertainment halls and theatres: Benchmark data originated from commercial theatres and cinemas, while the DEC data set includes public sector halls, most of which are less heavily used or are using less energy.
l Dry sports and leisure facilities: We suspect that the benchmark data was collected from more intensively-used facilities. Sports centres have also received considerable attention to energy saving in recent years. In the other two categories the benchmarks
i0522-12 CIBSE AD AW:CIBSE Magazine 190x66 16/6/10 14:29 Page 1
appeared to be too small: l Laboratories and operating theatres: Here there was little data upon which to base the
original benchmarks. Special energy uses also need to be identified better. Where electrical equipment has high loads it may need to be added to the list of separable uses.
l Workshops: These use benchmarks based on relatively lightly-used facilities for semi- industrial buildings. Many of the data set records in this category were for sorting offices with heavy process loads that have not yet been identified as separable energy uses. Day centres have also proved to have high
emissions in relation to the ‘schools and seasonal public buildings’ category, while hostels are low users in relation to the ‘long- term residential’ category. Only 153 DECs made use of ‘separables’
– that is, specific energy uses that are not included in the benchmarks because they are unusual or highly variable, but which are
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www.cibsejournal.com May 2011 CIBSE Journal 29
Display Energy Certificates are mandatory for larger public buildings such as City Hall, London
The DEC benchmarks are based on a rationalisation and considerable simplification of values taken from many sources
Free A3
psychrometric charts
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