Marginal abatement cost curve for Mexico in 2020 Cost (US dollars per metric ton of CO2 equivalent)

60 80

40 20 0

-20 -40 -60

- 163 50

Waste water

Pemex 2 Pemex 1

Residential Services

Transport 100

Note: Pemex 1 and Pemex 2 refer to the first and second tranches of GHG's reductions in the Mexican petroleum sector resulting from the decline in reserves.

150 200 250 CO2 equivalent emission (millions of metric tons)

Source: Quadri, (2008), El cambio climático en México y el potencial de reducción de emisiones por sectores, en: La Economía del Cambio Climático en México, L.M. Galindo (Coord), México, D.F., Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), 2009.

Figure 3.21

Marginal abatement cost curve for Central America in 2030 Cost (US dollar per metric ton of CO2 equivalent)

60 70

50 40

30 20 10 0

-10 -20

Transport REDD Deforestation Landfill

Nuclear Other industries

Hydroelectric Livestock

Wind energy Geothermal

Pemex 3

Cogeneration Solar FV

Efficiency and biomass in industry Geothermal

Hydroelectric Wind energy

Fertilizers management and biodigestion Landfill methane

Efficiency in residential and services 25 50 75 100 Source: ECLAC/CCAD/DFID, La economía del cambio climático en Centroamérica, Síntesis. México, D.F, in preparation. Figure 3.22

policy, technology and investment choices leading to GHG emission reductions, with a focus on scaling up clean and renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and energy conservation. With regards to the region’s forest resources, the graphics illustrate that rapid advances in reducing emissions from

36

deforestation and degradation will be needed to reverse negative trends and overcome a key challenge of the region’s success in acting against climate change.

125 150 CO2equivalent emission (millIons of metric tons)