The retreat of the glaciers is another manifestation of climate change affecting the region. Thus, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Chile show

Mean changes in runoff Water availability in percentages

evidence of reductions in the size of their glaciers; in Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia, the shrinkage of the glaciers, compared to 1970 and 1975, is even more striking (figure

Chacaltaya glacier

30 %

10 0

-10 -30

Note: Mean changes in annual runoff between 1980-1999 and 2090-2099 for the SRES A1B emissions scenario.

0 100 200

Source: Parry, M.L. et al. : Technical Summary. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007.

Figure 1.5 0

Retreat of seven Andean glaciers Cumulative evolution of length in metres 1980

1970

- 200 - 400 - 600 - 1 000 - 1 200 - 1 400

300 metres

Source: CAN, UNEP and Spanish Agency for International Cooperation, ¿El fin de las cumbres nevadas? Glaciares y Cambio Climático en la Comunidad Andina, 2007.

Figure 1.6a

1963 1983 1996 2000 2003 2006

1650

1990

2000

Antizana 15a Antizana 15b Broggi

Uruashraju Yanamarey Cajap

Pastoruri

Source: CAN, UNEP and Spanish Agency for International Cooperation, ¿El fin de las cumbres nevadas? Glaciares y Cambio Climático en la Comunidad Andina, 2007.

Figure 1.6b

10