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U.S. and India reach agreement on nuclear fuel reprocessing
The World
by Rama Lakshmi
and Steven Mufson
new delhi — India and the United States announced Monday the successful conclusion of nego- tiations granting rights to India to reprocess spent nuclear fuel, a new step toward opening nuclear commerce between the two coun- tries, potentially worth billions of dollars. The accord is part of the histor-
ic civilian nuclear-energy agree- ment that ended more than three decades of nuclear isolation for India by facilitating its access to nuclear fuel and technology, even though it has not signed the Non- Proliferation Treaty. The agree- ment, negotiated for more than nine months, lays out conditions to safeguard against the diversion of American nuclear fuel into In- dia’s weapons program, but critics warned that the accord would cre- ate new dangers of spreading nu-
THE MARCH
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clear materials. The U.S. State Department and
India’s Department of Atomic En- ergy released a short statement announcing the deal. Timothy J. Roemer, U.S. ambassador to In- dia, said it was “part of the great, win-win narrative of the U.S.-In- dia global partnership.” Last year’s agreement raised hopes of new business deals for U.S. companies, but so far those have not been fulfilled. Although the nuclear deal was signed in
2008, and two sites have been identified by India for U.S. re- actors, no American company has signed contracts. India has yet to pass a controversial nuclear-lia- bility law and give a letter of as- surance on nonproliferation, a li- censing requirement that governs all commercial nuclear exports. Meanwhile, India has signed deals with state-owned French and Russian nuclear companies. Monday’s announcement comes just two weeks before the
Obama administration is sched- uled to host an international sum- mit on nuclear security. Sources in the Indian and American nuclear power indus- tries said India has secured sig- nificant concessions in the repro- cessing accord. The sources spoke on the condition of anonymity be- cause the details have not been made public.
One element is that the repro- cessing will not be monitored by the United States directly, but by
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KLMNO
TUESDAY, MARCH 30, 2010
the watchdog International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna, according to a source in the U.S. nuclear industry. “Indi- ans did not want direct American oversight with an American flag on them. It is a symbolic, sover- eignty issue for Indians,” said the source, who is familiar with the negotiations. The United States follows this model only with Europe and Ja- pan. “India is now in a special cir- cle. This is a big deal,” said Ted Jones, director of policy advocacy at the U.S.-India Business Council. Another thorny issue that slowed negotiations was that In- dia insisted on having more than one reprocessing plant, saying it was risky to transport fuel from one place to another through densely populated regions. Amer- ican negotiators initially resisted, but the Indian argument pre- vailed, said an official in India’s state-run nuclear power company. Many nonproliferation advo-
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cates have expressed concern about how India would handle the plutonium that would be ex- tracted from imported spent fuel, which can be used to make nu- clear bombs. “At a time when nuclear terror- ism and proliferation concerns are only increasing, the United States should be doing everything it can to stop existing reprocess- ing, not facilitate more,” said Ed- win Lyman, an expert on nuclear proliferation at the Union of Con- cerned Scientists. He said it remains unclear what would be done with the plutoni- um produced by an Indian repro- cessing plant. Although India has a breeder reactor capable of using plutonium as fuel, India has re- fused to put that reactor under the supervision of the IAEA. India has pledged not to use the pluto- nium for its weapons program, al- though it diverted civilian nuclear fuel to build its first nuclear weap- ons three decades ago. The pact will go into effect un- less Congress passes a resolution of disapproval. “We’ve debated and voted on this twice,” said Rep. Gary L. Ackerman (D-N.Y.), chair- man of the House Foreign Affairs subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia. He said Congress would not do so again. But, he added, he was disappointed that India has not adopted measures to limit U.S. nuclear companies’ li- ability. “We were hoping the Indi- ans would be doing a lot better on that score,” he said.
lakshmir@washpost.com
Staff writer Steven Mufson in Washington contributed to this report.
S. Korea: Ship may have hit N. Korea mine
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SEOUL — A naval mine dis-
patched from North Korea may have struck the South Korean warship that exploded and sank near the Koreas’ disputed sea bor- der, the South Korean defense minister told lawmakers Monday, laying out several scenarios for the maritime disaster. Defense Minister Kim Tae- young said there was no sign of a direct attack from rival North Ko- rea, but military authorities have not ruled out North Korean in- volvement in the sinking of the Cheonan late Friday night. An explosion ripped the 1,200- ton ship apart during a routine patrol mission near Baengnyeong Island west of the peninsula. Fif- ty-eight crew members, including the captain, were plucked to safe- ty; 46 remain missing. The South Korean Joint Chiefs
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of Staff said the exact cause would remain unclear until the ship is salvaged. On Monday, mothers beat their chests with grief as di- vers searched for survivors, re- turning to report they didn’t hear any sounds inside the wreckage. Kim, grilled by lawmakers on
what happened Friday night, said the ship may have struck a mine left over from the war or deliber- ately dispatched from the North. The two Koreas remain in a
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state of war because their three- year conflict ended in a truce, not a peace treaty, in 1953. North Ko- rea disputes the sea border drawn by the United Nations in 1953. Many of the 3,000 naval mines
North Korea planted during the war were removed, but not all. North Korea may also have sent
a mine floating south with the current, Kim said. He said there were no South
Korean mines off the west coast, and ruled out a torpedo attack from North Korea, which would have been spotted by radar. Offi- cials have also said an internal malfunction may be to blame.
—Associated Press
Associated Press writers Sangwon Yoon and Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul, and Eric Talmadge in Tokyo contributed to this report.
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