ICO REPORT ■ 21
C&CI
World Coffee Consumption (million 60kg bags)
Table 1 - Changing World Production Shares [%]
March 2010
2000 2008 Annual growth (%)
By Continent 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Traditional countries 63.4 68.6 0.9
America 63.9 65.5 65.8 61.6
EU 38.0 39.9 0.5
Africa. 26.9 21.7 15.8 12.9
Germany 8.8 9.6 1.0
Asia/Oceania 9.2 12.8 18.4 25.5
Italy 5.1 5.9 1.6
France 5.4 5.2 -0.5
By Selected Countries
USA 18.7 21.7 1.6
Brazil 28 29 30.1 32.2
Japan 6.6 7.1 0.7
Vietnam 0.8 1 4.6 12.8
Producing countries 25.6 35.9 3.8
Central America 11.4 18.5 12.2 10.3
Brazil 13.1 17.5 3.8
Colombia 12.6 13.5 12.6 10.0
Indonesia 1.7 3.3 8.0
Indonesia 4.8 6.5 7.0 6.5
Mexico 1.2 2.2 7.1
India 2.3 2.7 3.5 4.0
India 0.9 1.5 5.5
Ethiopia 4.1 3.4 2.8 3.7
Emerging markets 15.7 25.6 5.5
Mexico 5.0 5.1 4.8 3.7
Russia 1.7 3.7 8.0
Uganda 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.5
Ukraine 0.2 1.7 28.7
Côte d'Ivoire 5.7 4.8 3.4 2.5
South Korea 1.2 1.7 3.3
Kenya 4.1 2.0 1.5 0.7
Algeria 1.8 2.1 2.0
World Total 104.7 130.0 2.4 Source: ICO
Sources: ICO and USDA.
expense of falling consumption in some mar- just how much it has consolidated it pre-emi- unwashed naturals combined) accounted for
kets of traditional roast and ground brews… nence as a coffee supplier. So, too, has just over 64 per cent of global coffee produc-
and of traditional instant coffees, which have Vietnam, which has only a very small domes- tion in the last 10 years (70 per cent in the
no additives," according to a recent report by tic market. It increased its share of world out- 1990s), with Latin America’s slice 84 per
the independent business consultancy, the put to 13 per cent in the nine seasons to cent, virtually unchanged on the 1990s,
Economist Intelligence Unit. "As a result, the 2008/09 from 1 per cent in the 1980s and 4.6 thanks to the big increase in Brazil’s output of
positive impact on the actual volume con- per cent in the 1990s. In the last five years, the latter type. Its share of global Arabica pro-
sumed has at best been minimal and at these two giant producers together supplied duction in the period rose to 50 per cent from
worse possibly marginally negative." 46 per cent of the world crop and about half 31.3 per cent in the 1990s and the country
As a result of rising demand in producing of all exportable supplies. also managed to increase its share of total
countries, the proportion of the crop available Robusta production significantly, overtaking
for export has inevitably fallen, averaging just
Vietnam expands
Indonesia in 2002/03 to emerge as the
under 74 per cent in 2000-2008, against 77 world’s second biggest supplier of the type.
per cent in the 1990s and nearly 80 per cent
as others decline
in the 1980s. However, despite its rising Vietnam’s advance as a coffee producer,
Vietnam
domestic market, Brazil has still been able to along with good growth in India, explains
increase its share of exportable production, Asia’s strengthening role as a source of cof-
dominates Robusta
thanks to rising output as a result of invest- fee, which has been at the expense of losses Thanks to expansion in Vietnam, however,
ment in improving productivity in the 1990s for Latin America (despite Brazil’s growing Asia today dominates world Robusta produc-
through extensive plantation rehabilitation. importance) and Africa. As Table 1 demon- tion, accounting for 60 per cent of the total in
Old trees were replaced with much higher strates, Africa, where the problems caused the past 10 years – up 12 per cent on the
yielding hybrids planted much more densely by a chronic lack of investment in coffee sec- 1990s and 22 per cent on the 1980s. But it
than traditionally, while harvesting methods tors have been compounded by political was not always so. In the 1970s, Africa –
were also modernised and more efficient instability and civil strife, has suffered particu- which in the 2000s supplied just 22 per cent
management techniques introduced. larly severely, with Ethiopia almost alone in of the world’s Robustas – accounted for 76
going against the general trend. per cent, although this fell to 58 per cent in
Production
In Latin America, meanwhile, the losers 1980s and 33 per cent in the 1990s.
concentrated in Brazil
have been Central America/Mexico - where In the 10 seasons to 2008/09, 35 per cent
high costs and natural disasters have put a of the world’s Robustas came from Vietnam
The result is that Brazil – which harvested a break on growth - and Colombia. (Peru, in – three times as much as in the 1990s - while
record crop of 48.5 million 60kg bags in fact, is the region’s only significant supplier to Brazil’s share was 19 per cent, fractionally
2002/03 and is widely expected to beat this have raised its market share in the 2000s.) above the level of the 1990s, but 10 per cent
figure in 2010/11– now has an annual pro- These regional setbacks are also the reason up on the 1980s.
duction capacity of around 50 million bags, why so far this century mild Arabica’s share Indonesia, meanwhile, has seen its share
or more, against 40 million in the 1990s. of the world output has been falling – another drop to 16 per cent so far in the 2000s, from
Figures for 2000/01-2008/09 showing that its important development. In the last five sea- 23 per cent in the 1990s and 26 per cent in
share of world production was 32.2 per cent sons it was just 33 per cent, down from 41.5 the 1980s, with Côte d’Ivoire reporting a
(2 per cent higher than in the 1990s), but that per cent in the 1990s and 43.2 per cent in the decline to just 6 per from 11 per cent and 19
its slice of total exportable supplies jumped 1980s. per cent and Uganda to 6 per cent from 8
to 31.5 per cent from 25.3 per cent, underline The Arabica variety (washed milds and per cent and 12 per cent. ■ C&CI
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