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SINGLE PHOTON COUNTING FEATURE


“When the UK government funds academia, it should be funding a new generation of detectors”


Gerald Buller from Heriot Watt University and colleagues have developed algorithms that process large amounts of data from single photon detectors in real time to produce 3D images of obscured objects


three-dimensional videos of people moving through obscuring screens. ‘3D movies that we’ve made of single photon- derived images in real time couldn’t have been done as recently as 18 months ago,’ he said. He added that SPEXS will also be looking at performance characteristics including single photon detection efficiency, dark count rate, operating temperature and temporal jitter.


The transition from photomultipliers


developed in the 1960s to SPADs demonstrated in the 1980s enabled current single photon lidar techniques. SPADs greatly amplify the electrons through the impact ionisation effect after incoming photons are absorbed within the semiconductor. ‘CMOS has meant that you can get pretty high frame rates, but silicon SPADs only work at shorter


wavelengths,’ Buller said. More recently superconducting nanowire detectors have enabled short infrared wavelength detection in laboratory settings with excellent performance, but require cooling to very low temperatures. ‘That tends to mean there are issues of size, weight and power, which would make mobile applications difficult,’ Buller noted. ‘The Holy Grail is of course to do this at longer wavelengths, with semiconductor based detectors, preferably near room temperature.’ Buller had previously successfully developed such detectors based on InGaAs and InP. However their capabilities are limited, and they are relatively expensive. ‘We wanted to work with other materials to enhance the performance and increase the wavelength,’ he said.


As such, within SPEXS, Buller and g


The AvaSpec-Mini-NIR


This versatile compact near-infrared spectrometer is well suited for various applications, including food analysis and recycling.


Small Yet Powerful The latest addition to our CompactLine


• The size of a deck of cards • Easy to integrate • USB powered • Suitable for harsh environments • High unit-to-unit reproducibility • Wavelength range 900-1750 nm • 256 pixels


• The size of a deck of cards • Easy to integrate • USB powered • Suitable for harsh environments • High unit-to-unit reproducibility • Wavelength range 900-1750 nm • 256 pixels


For more information please visit www.avantes.com


Heriot Watt University


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