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China leads way as AI accelerates


China is growing in importance as a global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) research, and there is an increasing trend of researchers moving from academia to industry, especially in the United States. Globally, AI research has accelerated –


growing by more than 12 per cent annually in the past five years (2013 to 2017), compared to less than five per cent for the previous five years (2008 to 2012). By contrast, research output overall, globally across all subject areas, has grown by 0.8 per cent annually over the past five years (2013 to 2017). The analysis by Elsevier shows that


industry in the United States attracts the most AI talent from both local and international academia. In Europe, there’s a stronger move of academic talent moving to non-European industry. Over the last three years, the data


shows Chinese academia attracting more AI talent than it is losing, confirming that the country is on track to establish a leading position in AI research. Having overtaken the United States in AI research output in 2004, China is set to overtake Europe and become the biggest source of AI research globally in four years, if the pace of current trends continues. Another important revelation is that


despite the increasing societal reference of AI and media attention on the ethical implications of AI, academic research on the ethics of AI has been limited. Dan Olley, chief technology officer


at Elsevier, said: ‘The new generation of technologies, commonly under the umbrella of AI, are so important and yet, there appears to be no shared understanding of its exact definition. With


this comprehensive study of research performance in AI, we aim to provide clarity on and insights into the field’s dynamics, trends and parameters. The report is not a conclusion, but the start of a discussion on how we best enter the era of AI and increasingly symbiotic technology.’ Enrico Motta, professor of knowledge


technologies at the Open University in the UK, expert contributor to the report, said: ‘This report applies extensive text mining and semantic analytics across literature from different sectors to uncover how to more comprehensively define the AI field – essentially using AI to map AI. It is the most comprehensive characterisation of AI outputs across different sectors delivered so far.’ Reviewing 600,000 documents and


more than 700 field-specific key words across four sectors – research, education, technology, and media – the semantic analysis reveals that the field of AI focusses on seven distinct research areas: • Search and optimisation, • Fuzzy systems, • Natural language processing and knowledge representation,


• Computer vision, • Machine learning and probabilistic reasoning,


• Planning and decision-making, and • Neural networks. Of these areas, research in machine learning and probabilistic reasoning, neural networks, and computer vision show the largest volume of research output and growth.


OUP and Max Planck include OA element in deal


Oxford University Press and the Max Planck Society have announced a two-year deal – including an open access element – to provide access to OUP’s prestigious journal collection for all Max Planck Society members. The deal came into effect


on 1 January and lasts until the end of 2020. The open access publishing component


will allow Max Planck Society members to convert subscription fees into OA spend when publishing with OUP. Francesca Martin, director


of library sales for the UK, Europe, and ANZ at Oxford University Press, said: ‘We are pleased to have reached this agreement with the Max Planck Society. I’m glad that


32 Research Information December 2018/January 2019


we were able to incorporate an open access element into this deal that supports Max Planck during their transition to open access, while ensuring OUP is able to continue to support sustainable publishing for our authors, journal partners and customers across the world.’ Ralf Schimmer, head of


information at the Max Planck Digital Library, said: ‘We are


happy to add Oxford University Press to our portfolio of transformative Open Access Agreements, as this new contract constitutes another concrete step toward making open access the default in scholarly communication.’ F1000Research also recently


agreed an OA deal with Max Planck Digital Library.


@researchinfo | www.researchinformation.info


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