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ANALYSIS & OPINION SMART CITIES


wireless drops to deliver connectivity, avoiding the need to take fibre into individual buildings and lowering the deployment’s cost per user. Again, with this technology requiring good line of sight, it won’t be suitable for every single city but provides an efficient way to deliver gigabit speeds at a lower cost. An additional aspect that city planners need


to consider is network infrastructure sharing. High-speed city networks oſten need to carry traffic from different service providers, and, increasingly, different types of traffic for different services, including residential, business and mobile transport. Technologies are emerging to streamline


this process. Time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM), for example, is a next generation PON that enables wavelength- based sharing, such as multiple service providers operating on a dedicated wavelength using a common fibre infrastructure. Advances in virtualisation and soſtware


City planners who get their infrastructure right will have a network that serves their needs well into the future. New technologies and innovative approaches help cities to build


networks that deliver on the key requirements: l Future-looking network capacity to avoid new cycles of investment any time soon


l Cost efficiency for investment that makes sense today


l Network sharing for more revenues and better service delivery


For many cities, modern fibre technology will be the ideal choice for fixed networks, bringing high capacity and long-term value. Today, most fibre networks are based on GPON, delivering Gigabit speeds to citizens. Next- generation fibre technologies such as XGS- PON and TWDM-PON will unlock even more opportunities, with the 10Gb/s speeds enabling business services and mobile transport to be added on to the same fibre network. Best of all, the evolution to next- generation PON does not require any changes in the fibre plant. However, for certain areas the


disadvantages associated with fibre, such as high investment and the need to dig up the ground will be too great to overcome. In these


Advances in virtualisation and software defined area networking allow a single physical network to be partitioned into multiple virtual network slices


cases, fibre is deployed as deep in the network as economically viable and from that point other technologies are used to connect users. Tis approach has been used successfully worldwide to complement fibre to the home (FTTH) and FTTx deployments, with copper – or coax-based technologies – Gfast, Vplus, Vectoring, etc – widely used. Recently, a new approach called Wireless PON, a fixed wireless access technology, has also emerged, giving an additional option. Wireless PON takes fibre within a few


metres (typically 100) of the point of consumption, and then uses 60 Ghz 802.11ad


defined area networking (SDAN) allow a single physical network to be partitioned into multiple virtual network slices (a slice could consist of multiple nodes, or hardware items within nodes). Trough network abstraction and the application of soſtware-defined networking (SDN) principals, each slice can be controlled completely, independently of others. Tis can help lower cost and decrease the investment risk. With virtual network slicing, each slice can have a different set of characteristics, all on the same infrastructure. Tis advanced technique is extremely flexible, allowing different service providers to take any part of the network they want.


A holistic approach With so many different elements to consider, selecting the right partner to build their digital cities will be crucial for city planners. Expertise in both network infrastructure, and smart city deployment and management will ensure the process is as efficient as possible and help cities maximise the value of their data, as well as ensuring interoperability across entire operations. Find such a partner and the magic mix of technologies for a high-speed infrastructure will come, conjuring smart services and, in turn, data to monetise. In a nutshell, digitalisation really is as easy


as one, two, three and is the spell cities need to cast to stimulate business investment and innovation, enrich the lives of its residents, and enhance the experiences of visitors.l


Ana Pesovic is fibre marketing lead at Nokia Fixed Networks


Issue 20 • Summer 2018 FIBRE SYSTEMS 35


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