In Focus Risk
Laundering the responsibility
The main points of the EU’s Fifth Money Laundering Directive and an emphasis on how important it is that those in business comply with it
Nicola Sharp Legal director, Rahman Ravelli
nicola.sharp @
rahmanravelli.co.uk
10 January 2020 is a date that the business world cannot afford to ignore. It is the date the Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (5AMLD) will become law throughout the EU. And it places plenty of responsibility on many of those in business. 5AMLD is intended to build on the
Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive’s (4MLD) attack on financial crime by boosting existing transparency rules. As a result, those working in financial
services will have to meet new requirements, as 5AMLD targets areas that have so far not felt the force of previous directives. And let us be clear – the new
requirements are significant and carry equally significant penalties for those who fail to meet them. The onus, therefore, has to be on compliance. For the first time, cryptocurrencies will
face the regulation that was applied to more traditional financial institutions under 4AMLD. Cryptocurrency exchanges will now have to perform customer due diligence and submit suspicious activity reports (SARS) – just like anyone working in the UK’s regulated sector is required to under Part 7 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA) and the Terrorism Act 2000 – if they know, suspect or have reasonable grounds for knowing or suspecting, that a person is engaged in, or attempting, money laundering or terrorist financing. Virtual currencies are also set to lose their
anonymity, as EU Financial Intelligence Units (FIU) will have to gain the names and addresses and identities of those who possess such currencies. 5AMLD obliges payment firms to carry
out checks on customers using pre-paid cards carrying funds of more than €150 – the 4AMLD limit was €250 – and payment
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service providers will have to make sure the identity is known of anyone authorising a remote payment of more than €50. In a further three years, validation will
be required for all remote payments, and pre-paid cards issued outside of the EU will be prohibited unless they are issued by a country that has anti-money laundering legislation as strong as that in the EU.
5AMLD also requires those in business
to carry out what amounts to due diligence on countries. Nations deemed to be high-risk because of their lack of effective anti-money laundering regulations and due diligence requirements are placed on an EU list of states requiring more intensive checks when money is moved from them into the EU. There is an obligation on regulated
5AMLD is intended to build on the Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive’s attack on financial crime by boosting existing transparency rules
5AMLD boils down to one thing: knowing
your business. The EU certainly wants its latest directive to take the fight to money laundering. This tightening of restrictions and removal of loopholes is being done by placing greater obligations on those in business, and business cannot afford to ignore it. Under 5AMLD, EU member states must
establish a national register of beneficial ownership information that covers businesses, trusts, and even those possessing safe-deposit boxes. The information on each member’s register should be available to share with other members and the records are required to cover anyone who has a 25% or greater stake in a company. But it is the firms that have to use this to
make all the necessary checks to establish exactly who a company’s beneficial owners are before they have any dealings with it.
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businesses to view this list and ensure that their due diligence procedures reflect the risk posed by financial movements from such countries. Such obligations, it must be said, are not mere bureaucracy. Failing to meet the requirements of 5AMLD can mean fines up to a maximum of €5m or 10% of annual turnover. When the resulting negative publicity
is considered, along with the fact that individuals can be banned from running a regulated business and an organisation can be prevented from trading, the consequences of failing to meet 5AMLD’s requirements cannot be ignored. 5AMLD is looking to target crime. But it
is business that has to make sure it is equipped to carry the burden that the directive brings. Basic due diligence checks may not be adequate for the responsibilities that 5AMLD is placing squarely on the shoulders of business. The right controls, procedures and
enhanced levels of staff awareness are essential. 5AMLD is extending what is expected of businesses. Not meeting those expectations could be very costly. Taking the right legal advice now can
ensure compliance with all aspects of 5AMLD. It is not being too alarmist to say that a failure to do so could prove to be the biggest mistake many companies make in 2020. CCR
December 2019
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