Cover story
New advances now include AI Advances in technology and the consistent introduction of new products to the marketplace increases our reliance on the Internet, and this dependence is escalating substantially with the rising use of artifi cial intelligence (AI). Modern AI data centres require extremely high bandwidth,
low latency and precise synchronization. High-performance differential oscillators like LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signalling), HCSL (High-Speed Current Steering Logic) and increasingly LVPECL (Low-Voltage Positive Emitter Coupled Logic) clock solutions are essential for the high-speed interconnects, networking and accelerator infrastructure that AI requires. AI cluster interconnects use low-jitter LVDS oscillators at
100MHz, 156.25MHz and 161.3828MHz to support Infi niBand, Ethernet and CSL interfaces. In contrast, PCLe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) Gen5/Gen6 AI accelerator servers use HCSL oscillators at 100MHz and 156.25MHz in AI GPU servers, PCLe switches, accelerator cards and high- speed backplanes; see Figure 4.
Meeting the modern challenges head-on As we use the Internet more for our daily activities and grow AI’s involvement, the demand for connectivity and bandwidth increases, challenging our engineers and scientists to improve systems so that greater volumes of information can be sent at speed to and from data centres to our devices. For companies providing the frequency components, the challenge is to deliver increasingly reliant products with tighter tolerances and lower power consumption. Geyer Electronic has embraced this challenge by expanding the crystal ranges to include smaller and tighter specifi cation variants. At the same time choices in the oscillator ranges have been widened and new LVDS and HCSL quartz oscillators added to meet the extra demands of these modern communication systems. The future of interconnectivity is a seamlessly
synchronized digital ecosystem where AI, cloud, edge and smart infrastructure communicate instantly and reliably. With engineers and scientists developing methods to link our networks to extreme locations on our planet and even into outer space in ways that enhance our working and leisure activities, the search for advances in connectivity technology will continue well into the future. We have come to appreciate the convenience these
systems provide and take for granted their security and ease of operation. For those of us that have worked through the changes in connectivity and communication, we can look forward to transgressing from employment into a more leisurely period, making the most of the advantages that the new technology provides.
For more information visit
www.geyer-electronic.de Figure 4: Examples of oscillator usage in AI systems
www.electronicsworld.co.uk June 2026 07
Figure 1: Bluetooth examples and their frequency components
Figure 2: Wi-Fi connectivity examples
Figure 3: Crystals and oscillators in smart systems
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