FIRE SAFETY


ConsIdeR FIRe ReQuIReMents WHen sPeCIFYInG CoMPosItes


the mechanical properties of composites, such as their weight, stiffness, and strength, are normally the primary considerations in the design process. However, in applications where the risk of fire is a factor, such as in transportation, building, and construction, this becomes the primary consideration when specifying composite solutions. Here eric Moussiaux, VP technology at composites manufacturer exel Composites, explains how fire considerations influence composite design.


W


ith the use of composites in demanding applications increasing, improving knowledge of their fire performance is becoming a safety-critical issue, particularly for building and


transportation applications. Generally, there are three main fire performance considerations for manufacturers. These are how difficult it is for the material to ignite, how fast the fire spreads, and how much heat it generates., Next, how much smoke will develop and how quickly? Finally, how toxic is the smoke and how quickly can it cause harm? These considerations are typically referred to as FST, fire smoke and toxicity, properties. With these considerations in mind, it is common for


composites manufacturers to incorporate flame retardant additives into the materials, reducing or delaying the combustion process. The nature of these additives varies depending on the application in question and any relevant regulatory requirements.


TradiTional approach


Halogenated compounds are a broad category of flame retardant additives that were traditionally seen as the first choice for composites manufacturers because of their high efficiency and relatively low cost. Halogenated additives work by eliminating the highly reactive free radicals generated in the thermal decomposition of polymers during combustion. By hampering oxidation reactions in the combustion process, they can effectively kill the flames. Brominated and chlorinated additives, occasionally


helped with synergists as antimonytrioxide, are still used in heavily corrosive environments. However, they


16 MARCH/APRIL 2022 | IndustRIAL CoMPLIAnCe


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