Since the main greenhouse gasses are CO2 and methane, fuels which contain hydrocarbons are not a viable option. LNG potentially reduces CO2 emissions by 25%, which is insufficient. Biofuels are not the answer either, since they are also hydrocarbons which emit CO2 when burnt. Hydrogen (if not made from


hydrocarbons, and in combination with batteries and fuel cells) seems to be the only zero-emission fuel, but commercial application is not expected before 2030. A detailed discussion of alternative fuels goes beyond the scope of this editorial, but references for further reading are included at the end. It must be realised, however, that the energy options available for small craſt which operate intermittently in ports differ from those for ocean-going vessels. It will take time to develop alternative


fuels and they will be more costly than MDO and MGO, while


electricity


prices are generally below those of MDO and MGO. Tax exemptions for shore-charging (already approved in


Figure 9:  smplfied comparison of eletrfied


conventional tugs s eletrfied EDDY tugs


European countries, which can lower electricity pricing by around 20%) and upcoming carbon taxes (which do the opposite for polluting fuels) will further widen this price gap. Using electricity thus also makes commercial sense. For clean energy we have wind, water


and solar. Tey all translate into electricity. Renewable energy is becoming widely available at competitive pricing, while advances are being made towards more efficient and affordable electricity storage.


mbrang eletrfiaton Strict GHG emission regulations, financial incentives and the absence of clean (and competitive) fuel alternatives are all pointing towards tug electrification. Electrification starts with fuel-electric drive-train installations, followed by incorporating energy storage. While business owners are looking for


predictable business cases, the energy transition brings mainly uncertainty. Future tugs thus need to be resilient:


Newbuildings nomnated


Marselius RAJU


S agpe Sea ffin 


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Ship & Boat International November/December 2018 25


Feature 1


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