SUPPLY AND LOGISTICS


imminent, Senkesen says she believes that there will be more planned and steady growth of demand for such vaccines. Lonza previously announced its manufacturing collaboration for Altimmune’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate in its Houston facility in March 2021.


That said, the impact of viral vector-based


vaccines is less clear moving forward, given the availability of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines, says Qasim  of regenerative, cellular and gene, at University College London. Therefore, the impact of these  could have been, he adds.


Improvement forecasts still few years off  of viral vectors remains a major challenge  improvement in the supply of viral vectors occurring within the next two to three years, citing conversations he has had with those  placed on three-year waiting lists for access   development director at VIVEBiotech, a CDMO specialising in lentiviral vector production, says there has been a clear increase in demand for viral vectors in the CAR-T sector. This has prompted the company to focus on expanding its capacities to meet such demand, she says. Besides reagents, shortages due to


COVID-19 have also affected the supply of recombinant cytokines needed for T cell     stock has been affected by wider shortages of plastics that are used in its production, he adds. The shortages of materials like plastics could last for the next 12 to 18 months, says 


Labour shortages felt across the sector Ultimately, there are too few workers skilled in operating the facilities used in CAR-T production, says Durdy. Although Hanley cites having a technician leave for COVID-19


38 | Clinical Trial Supply Handbook


vaccine development, among other factors,     director of the Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterisation and Manufacturing at Georgia Tech, Atlanta. This shortage is perhaps more pronounced   for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics at the Royal Free Hospital in London, UK, saw her team reduced to half due to staff leaving for other opportunities. Seeing increased investment in the CAR-T space resulted in greater competition for talent, particularly by commercial players, says Dr Jerome Ritz, executive director of the Connell-O’Reilly Cell Manipulation Core Facility at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.


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