THE AGENDA Geopolitics
Robert Amsterdam
To understand the reality of geopolitics, it pays to look beyond headlines and Google searches
I
n a 1958 column published in the Saturday Evening Post, Arthur M Schlesinger Jr argued that it’s good for us to spend some time alone because great ideas are rarely the product of committees. ‘Everything that matters in our
intellectual and moral life begins with an individual confronting his own mind and conscience in a room by himself,’ he wrote. Now that we are passing the one-year mark since the start of the pandemic, many are tired of being stuck at home. The gift of Schlesinger’s solitude wears quite thin after so many days indoors by ourselves. While it may not have been a great year for our collective mental health, one benefi t has been the opportunity to read far more books than usual. My pandemic reading list has been documented across about 70 podcast episodes, as we interviewed authors, academics, diplomats, lawyers and activists. The topics of these books have been diverse – from wonkish
policy arguments on China, Russia, and the Middle East, to the decline of US hegemony and the erosion of trust and legitimacy in democratic institutions. Near the beginning of the pandemic, we featured a series of books that examined the post- war history of US interventions (including covert and armed overseas interventions) and the tangled legacies left
behind. It is essential
One outstanding book we featured on the podcast was The Jakarta Method: Washington’s Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World by journalist Vincent Bevins. The author, who worked as a foreign correspondent in both Indonesia and Brazil, interviewed dozens of survivors of CIA-sponsored anti-communist purges in the 1960s, revealing some very diffi cult truths about US foreign policy. These policies, which resulted in the unnecessary murders of millions, did little to advance US interests or national security – instead, the eff orts often backfi red with fatal consequences. Bevins appeared to struggle with the burden of the knowledge he had uncovered – to understand how the United States has been complicit in such atrocities, and to square that knowledge with a sense of identity, belonging and nationhood. ‘However much you love the United States, you still have a moral responsibility to know your own history and to criticise yourself fi rst,’ Bevins commented. Another book we featured was Poisoner in Chief by the veteran journalist Stephen Kinzer, which told the bizarre story of Sidney Gottlieb, a singularly reprehensible fi gure in the CIA who dabbled in mind control, human experimentation, and other acts of government-funded cruelty one would scarcely believe possible.
to embrace nuance in global aff airs, and to remain mindful of
information gaps
There seemed to be a plethora of books highlighting poor decision-making by Washington throughout the Cold War period and its aftermath. Stanford professor Stephen Krasner spoke with us about his book, amusingly titled How to Make Love to a Despot, which bemoaned Washington’s numerous botched attempts to install democracies across the developing world. There was also the book Losing the Long Game by former diplomat Philip Gordon, who wrote that despite the repeated failures of regime change eff orts in the Middle East, American policymakers seem to refuse to learn the lessons. ‘The costs are almost always much higher than anticipated, and there are always many unintended consequences,’ Gordon said during our interview, and yet, at the same time the Trump administration was still toying with interventionist rhetoric in Iran. And then, in contrast, we were fortunate to speak with Robert D Kaplan about his book The Good American. It’s the story of Bob Gersony, whose career as a powerful consultant to State Department and USAID is an example of how one determined and principled individual can change the course of history and make a positive impact on the world. As the son of Holocaust survivors, a college dropout, a Vietnam veteran, and the one-time owner of an English teaching business in Guatemala, he hardly cut the profi le of the stodgy Ivy Leaguers who now reign supreme in US diplomacy. And yet,
Gersony’s infl uence and focus on humanitarianism, protection of refugees, and avoidance of sponsoring violence was legendary. His reports, always based on interviews with members of aff ected communities that he conducted himself, uncovered hidden genocides and suff ering across dozens of countries from Africa to Asia to Latin America, and often succeeded in steering US policy away from the more disastrous options it might have taken. What this group of books has indicated to me is that it is essential to embrace nuance in global aff airs, to remain mindful of information gaps, to acknowledge that not everything can be discovered from a Google search, to understand that calling one country ‘authoritarian’ tells you precisely nothing about its people, to avoid easy conclusions, and to always test and challenge assumptions – even those that appear sacrosanct. S Robert Amsterdam is the founding partner of Amsterdam & Partners LLP The podcast Departures with Robert Amsterdam is available on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify and elsewhere
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